Optimising ammonia to improve sustainability in highly buffered recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS)

优化氨以提高高缓冲循环水产养殖系统 (RAS) 的可持续性

基本信息

批准号：
BB/N013344/1
负责人：
Rod Wilson
金额：
$ 19.15万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FN013344%2F1
关键词：
Optimising ammonia improve sustainability highly

项目摘要

The current FLIP proposal builds upon an existing BBSRC Industrial Partnership Award in collaboration with Skretting (the largest global producer of aquaculture feed). The latter IPA project is based on a novel manipulation of diets that has already been demonstrated to improve the efficiency of converting food into growth by a remarkable 20 % under laboratory conditions. It uses laboratory studies with live fish to assess the energetic costs and health implications of feeding in aquaculture fish, and then to design optimal diet compositions to minimise these costs. It aims to make energetic savings for the fish in particular regarding acid-base and salt balance following a meal, and minimise how these natural disturbances impact upon respiratory gas exchange and excretory processes. The present FLIP proposal will use similar approaches to the above current BBSRC-funded project. However, whereas the current BBSRC-IPA project addresses dietary issues, this FLIP proposal specifically addresses newly discovered water quality changes that are particularly associated with intensive recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). The present FLIP proposal is also linked to another FLIP project (started June 2015) as both stem from water quality issues experienced by intensive RAS. Specifically the artificially enhanced buffer capacity of the water (raised NaHCO3 as part of the regulation of water pH). In turn this inhibits ammonia excretion in fish (through buffering of the normally acidic gill boundary layer), causing increases in blood ammonia which can result in undesirable changes in whole animal performance. The present FLIP proposal seeks to use a 2-way interchange between academia and industry to address previously unconsidered factors that can have a major influence on the biology and efficiency of growth in fish. By facilitating an interchange of academic and industrial personnel between their respective sites this project aims to address these non-ideal changes in water chemistry associated with intensive recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). It aims to establish (and ideally prevent) previously unrecognised energetic costs for fish associated with regulation of internal ammonia levels caused by these water quality issues that can impair health, welfare, growth and ultimately the production efficiency in aquaculture. It is a collaboration with Anglesey Aquaculture Ltd (AAL), the largest marine RAS in Europe and the UK's only farm for seabass, a high value and commercially important fish. This form of land-based aquaculture is increasingly promoted worldwide due to its sustainability in terms of low water use and minimising environmental problems from waste products. However, the intensity of the aquaculture conditions creates water quality problems that must be countered, primarily a consumption of oxygen and excretion of carbon dioxide by the fish that acidifies the water. To deal with this pH problem RAS operators add huge amounts of alkali (hydroxide or bicarbonate). However, this pH compensation measure creates a further water quality issue, specifically high alkalinity (and therefore buffer capacity), whilst CO2 is only partially reduced. These secondary changes are known to inhibit the excretion of ammonia by fish gills, raising internal blood levels of ammonia, and ultimately impair the general physiology and energetics of fish, and negatively impacting their feeding and growth. By facilitating a 2-way transfer of knowledge and skills (via direct secondments of one academic and one industry interchanger, at each other's site), this FLIP project aims to provide a cost-effective, evidence-based solution(s) to these specific water quality issues. Furthermore, we aim to embed a culture of problem-solving through academic-industrial collaboration into the fabric of both organisations such that future problems associated with sustainable production of fish can be avoided or mitigated in a timely fashion.

当前的翻转提案与Skretting（全球水产养殖饲料最大的生产国）合作建立在现有的BBSRC工业合作伙伴奖基础上。后一种IPA项目基于对饮食的新型操纵，该饮食已经被证明是在实验室条件下将食物转化为20％的20％的效率。它使用活鱼的实验室研究来评估水产养殖鱼类喂养的能量成本和健康影响，然后设计最佳的饮食组成，以最大程度地减少这些成本。它的目的是为鱼提供充满活力的节省，尤其是在进餐后酸碱和盐平衡，并最大程度地减少这些自然障碍如何影响呼吸气体交换和排泄过程。目前的翻转提案将对上述当前BBSRC资助的项目采用类似的方法。但是，尽管当前的BBSRC-IPA项目解决了饮食问题，但该翻转提案专门解决了新发现的水质变化，这些变化尤其与密集的循环水产养殖系统（RAS）有关。目前的翻转提案也与另一个FLIP项目有关（始于2015年6月），因为这两者都源于密集型RAS所经历的水质问题。特别是人为增强的水的缓冲能力（作为水pH的调节的一部分升高了NAHCO3）。反过来，这抑制了鱼类中的氨（通过通常酸性g边界层的缓冲），导致血液氨的增加，从而导致整个动物性能的不良变化。目前的Flip提案试图利用学术界和行业之间的2向互换来解决以前未经考虑的因素，这些因素可能会对鱼类生长的生物学和效率产生重大影响。通过促进各自站点之间的学术和工业人员的交换，该项目旨在解决与密集循环水产养殖系统（RAS）相关的水化学中这些非理想变化。它的目的是建立（理想地预防）先前无法识别的鱼类的能量成本，以与这些水质问题有关的调节，这些水质问题可能会损害健康，福利，增长以及最终在水产养殖中的生产效率。这是与欧洲最大的海洋拉斯（AAL）的Anglesey水产养殖有限公司（AAL）的合作，也是英国唯一的Seabass农场，这是高价值和商业上重要的鱼类。这种形式的陆基水产养殖形式越来越多地在全球范围内促进，因为它的可持续性在低水量和最大程度地减少了废物产品中的环境问题方面。但是，水产养殖条件的强度会产生水质问题，这主要是氧气消耗的氧气和二氧化碳排泄，而二氧化碳则是酸化水的。为了解决此pH问题，RAS操作员添加了大量碱（氢氧化物或碳酸氢盐）。但是，该pH补偿措施产生了进一步的水质问题，特别是碱度高（因此是缓冲液的容量），而二氧化碳仅部分降低。已知这些次要变化可以抑制鱼il的排泄，增加氨的内部血液水平，并最终损害鱼类的一般生理学和能量，并对它们的喂养和生长产生负面影响。通过促进知识和技能的2向转移（通过一个学术和一个行业交互的直接借调，在彼此的网站上），该翻转项目旨在为这些特定的水质问题提供一种具有成本效益的基于证据的解决方案。此外，我们的目标是通过学术工业合作将问题解决的文化嵌入两个组织的结构中，以便可以及时避免或减轻与鱼类可持续生产相关的未来问题。