Optimising ammonia to improve sustainability in highly buffered recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS)

优化氨以提高高缓冲循环水产养殖系统 (RAS) 的可持续性

基本信息

批准号：
BB/N013344/1
负责人：
Rod Wilson
金额：
$ 19.15万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2017 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FN013344%2F1
关键词：
Optimising ammonia improve sustainability highly

项目摘要

The current FLIP proposal builds upon an existing BBSRC Industrial Partnership Award in collaboration with Skretting (the largest global producer of aquaculture feed). The latter IPA project is based on a novel manipulation of diets that has already been demonstrated to improve the efficiency of converting food into growth by a remarkable 20 % under laboratory conditions. It uses laboratory studies with live fish to assess the energetic costs and health implications of feeding in aquaculture fish, and then to design optimal diet compositions to minimise these costs. It aims to make energetic savings for the fish in particular regarding acid-base and salt balance following a meal, and minimise how these natural disturbances impact upon respiratory gas exchange and excretory processes. The present FLIP proposal will use similar approaches to the above current BBSRC-funded project. However, whereas the current BBSRC-IPA project addresses dietary issues, this FLIP proposal specifically addresses newly discovered water quality changes that are particularly associated with intensive recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). The present FLIP proposal is also linked to another FLIP project (started June 2015) as both stem from water quality issues experienced by intensive RAS. Specifically the artificially enhanced buffer capacity of the water (raised NaHCO3 as part of the regulation of water pH). In turn this inhibits ammonia excretion in fish (through buffering of the normally acidic gill boundary layer), causing increases in blood ammonia which can result in undesirable changes in whole animal performance. The present FLIP proposal seeks to use a 2-way interchange between academia and industry to address previously unconsidered factors that can have a major influence on the biology and efficiency of growth in fish. By facilitating an interchange of academic and industrial personnel between their respective sites this project aims to address these non-ideal changes in water chemistry associated with intensive recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). It aims to establish (and ideally prevent) previously unrecognised energetic costs for fish associated with regulation of internal ammonia levels caused by these water quality issues that can impair health, welfare, growth and ultimately the production efficiency in aquaculture. It is a collaboration with Anglesey Aquaculture Ltd (AAL), the largest marine RAS in Europe and the UK's only farm for seabass, a high value and commercially important fish. This form of land-based aquaculture is increasingly promoted worldwide due to its sustainability in terms of low water use and minimising environmental problems from waste products. However, the intensity of the aquaculture conditions creates water quality problems that must be countered, primarily a consumption of oxygen and excretion of carbon dioxide by the fish that acidifies the water. To deal with this pH problem RAS operators add huge amounts of alkali (hydroxide or bicarbonate). However, this pH compensation measure creates a further water quality issue, specifically high alkalinity (and therefore buffer capacity), whilst CO2 is only partially reduced. These secondary changes are known to inhibit the excretion of ammonia by fish gills, raising internal blood levels of ammonia, and ultimately impair the general physiology and energetics of fish, and negatively impacting their feeding and growth. By facilitating a 2-way transfer of knowledge and skills (via direct secondments of one academic and one industry interchanger, at each other's site), this FLIP project aims to provide a cost-effective, evidence-based solution(s) to these specific water quality issues. Furthermore, we aim to embed a culture of problem-solving through academic-industrial collaboration into the fabric of both organisations such that future problems associated with sustainable production of fish can be avoided or mitigated in a timely fashion.

当前的 FLIP 提案建立在与 Skretting（全球最大的水产养殖饲料生产商）合作的现有 BBSRC 工业合作伙伴奖的基础上。后一个 IPA 项目基于一种新颖的饮食控制，已被证明可以在实验室条件下将食物转化为生长的效率提高 20%。它利用活鱼的实验室研究来评估水产养殖鱼类喂养的能量成本和健康影响，然后设计最佳的饮食成分以尽量减少这些成本。它的目的是为鱼类节省能量，特别是在餐后的酸碱和盐平衡方面，并最大限度地减少这些自然干扰对呼吸气体交换和排泄过程的影响。目前的 FLIP 提案将使用与上述当前 BBSRC 资助的项目类似的方法。然而，当前的 BBSRC-IPA 项目解决的是饮食问题，而该 FLIP 提案专门解决了新发现的水质变化，这些变化与集约化循环水产养殖系统 (RAS) 特别相关。目前的 FLIP 提案还与另一个 FLIP 项目（2015 年 6 月启动）相关，因为两者都源于密集型 RAS 遇到的水质问题。特别是人为增强水的缓冲能力（提高 NaHCO3 作为水 pH 值调节的一部分）。反过来，这会抑制鱼的氨排泄（通过缓冲通常呈酸性的鳃边界层），导致血氨增加，从而导致整个动物性能发生不良变化。目前的 FLIP 提案旨在利用学术界和工业界之间的双向交流来解决以前未考虑到的可能对鱼类生长的生物学和效率产生重大影响的因素。通过促进学术和工业人员在各自地点之间的交流，该项目旨在解决与集约化循环水产养殖系统（RAS）相关的水化学的不理想变化。它的目的是确定（并最好防止）以前未被认识到的与这些水质问题引起的内部氨水平调节相关的鱼类能量成本，这些问题可能损害健康、福利、生长并最终损害水产养殖的生产效率。该项目与安格尔西水产养殖有限公司 (AAL) 合作，该公司是欧洲最大的海洋 RAS，也是英国唯一的鲈鱼养殖场，鲈鱼是一种高价值且具有重要商业价值的鱼类。这种陆基水产养殖形式因其在低用水量和最大限度地减少废物产生的环境问题方面的可持续性而在全世界得到越来越多的推广。然而，水产养殖条件的强度造成了必须解决的水质问题，主要是鱼类消耗氧气和排出二氧化碳，使水酸化。为了解决这个 pH 问题，RAS 操作员添加了大量的碱（氢氧化物或碳酸氢盐）。然而，这种 pH 补偿措施会造成进一步的水质问题，特别是高碱度（因此缓冲能力），而二氧化碳仅部分减少。已知这些继发变化会抑制鱼鳃对氨的排泄，提高体内血液中氨的水平，最终损害鱼类的一般生理和能量，并对它们的摄食和生长产生负面影响。通过促进知识和技能的双向转移（通过在彼此的地点直接借调一名学术人员和一名行业交换人员），该 FLIP 项目旨在为这些特定的问题提供一种经济高效、基于证据的解决方案。水质问题。此外，我们的目标是将通过学术与工业合作解决问题的文化融入两个组织的结构中，以便及时避免或减轻与可持续鱼类生产相关的未来问题。