ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY OF LINGUISTIC PROCESSING

语言处理的电生理学

• 批准号: 6182023
• 负责人: MARTA KUTAS
• 金额: $ 36.05万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1986
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1986-12-01 至 2003-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6182023
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cognition; comprehension; electrodes; electrophysiology; evoked potentials; human subject; language; neural information processing; neuropsychology; psycholinguistics; reading; semantics; verbal behavior; visual stimulus; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION: (Adapted From The Investigator's Abstract): This proposal is aimed at expanding our knowledge of the psychological and physiological bases of meaning from scalp recordings of event-related potentials (ERPs) to words and pictures. Current evidence suggests that (1) the N400 indexes the influence of semantic context on word recognition: (2) P600 amplitude is sensitive to various structural manipulations; (3) the LAN is related to working memory usage; and (4) a variety of over-sentence slow potentials reflect aspects of sentential structure. The proposed experiments examine these hypothesis and use these components to address specific questions about comprehension. Specifically, the experiments focus on the degree to which sentence level semantics, pragmatics, and syntax dominate or can alter the processing of purely lexical relationships, how background knowledge is used in comprehension, and the extent to which pragmatic and lexical factors influence sentence parsing. Exp. 1 contrasts lexical versus sentence context effects in natural speech. Exp. 2 questions whether lexical/associative priming is mandatory and automatic or can be directed by the propositional content of the sentence in which the words occur. Exp. 3 examines the claim that lexical priming effects are not maintained across the clause boundary. Exp. 4-5 focus on how background knowledge in the form of word (4a) or picture (4a) categories and high level frames (5) in long term memory is used to comprehend sentences, including one-line jokes. Exp. 6 further probes the functional significance of the N400 by contrasting lexical semantic violations with those entailed in zeugma (e.g. Jim caught a fish and a cold last Thursday). Exp. 7-10 examine the role of various non-syntactic factors in sentence parsing, specifically the contributions of verb augment preferences and complementizer omission (7a), and verb argument preferences and noun plausibility (7b) on processing of sentences containing (reduced) relative clauses, and the effects of discourse factors on the processing of prepositional phrases in syntactically ambiguous contexts. Exp. 9-10 focus on the effects of the animacy of the initial noun (9) and pragmatic relations between both nouns in the processing of object relative (OR) constructions (10) on reading times as well as ERPs during reading and listening. Exp. 11 and 12 are proposals to build an database of word ERPs for exploratory analyses and to develop a procedure for recording saccades-related brain activity during free reading, respectively. Overall, they aim to determine how constraints at lexical, semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic levels of language interact in the brain to yield meaning.

描述：（根据调查员的摘要进行了改编）：此提案是 旨在扩大我们对心理和生理学的了解 意义的基础，从事件相关电位（ERP）的头皮记录到 单词和图片。 当前的证据表明（1）N400索引 语义环境对单词识别的影响：（2）P600振幅是 对各种结构操作敏感； （3）LAN与 工作记忆使用； （4）各种过度句子的慢势 反映句子结构的各个方面。 提出的实验检查 这些假设并使用这些组件来解决特定问题 关于理解。 具体而言，实验侧重于 哪些句子级别的语义，语用学和语法占主导地位或可以改变 纯粹的词汇关系的处理，背景知识如何 用于理解以及务实和词汇因素的程度 影响句子解析。 经验。 1对比词汇与句子 自然语音的上下文效果。 经验。 2个问题是否 词汇/关联启动是强制性和自动的，或者可以由 单词出现的句子的命题内容。 经验。 3 检查说明词汇启动效应并未保持 子句边界。 经验。 4-5专注于形式的背景知识如何 长的单词（4a）或图片（4A）类别和高级框架（5） 术语内存用于理解句子，包括一行笑话。 经验。 6进一步通过对比探测N400的功能意义 与Zeugma所需要的词法语义违规行为（例如，吉姆抓住了一个 上周四的鱼和寒冷）。 经验。 7-10检查各种的作用 句子解析中的非小说因素，特别是 动词增强偏好和补充剂遗漏（7a）和动词参数 偏好和名词合理性（7b）在处理包含的句子方面 （减少）相对子句，以及话语因素对 在句法上含糊不清的环境中处理介词短语。 经验。 9-10专注于初始名词（9）和 对象亲戚处理中两个名词之间的务实关系 （或）在阅读时间以及在阅读过程中的ERP的结构（10）和 听。 经验。 11和12是构建Word ERP数据库的建议 进行探索性分析并制定记录程序 在自由阅读过程中，扫视相关的大脑活动分别。 全面的， 他们旨在确定词汇，语义，句法和 务实的语言水平在大脑中相互作用以产生意义。