Language, Communication and the Brain

语言、交流和大脑

• 批准号: 7236126
• 负责人: MARTA KUTAS
• 金额: $ 27.5万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-07-01 至 2008-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7236126
• 关键词: Brain; Communication; Language

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose renewal of our interdisciplinary training program in Language, Communication, and the Brain. The program emphasizes new technologies and new theoretical frameworks in cognitive science and neuroscience (e.g. advances in neural imaging, electrophysiological and behavioral studies of real-time language processing, computer simulations of language learning and breakdown). The proposed program pulls together the expertise, ideas, populations, and technologies that are available in abundance across this community, and places them at the disposal of young scientists interested in the mental and neural mechanisms that underlie language learning, language use, and language disorders. The program for the next five years will be headed by an Executive Committee of seven senior scientists, including the program director (E. Bates), and directors of six research and training components; (1) Communication Disorders (B. Wulfeck), including studies of adult aphasia and childhood language disorders; (2) Psycholinguistics (D. Swinney), including studies of real-time language and processing in adults, and studies of language learning in children; (3) Multilingual and Comparative Language Studies (M. Polinsky), a new component emphasizing studies of multilingualism (processing, learning, disorders), loss and relearning of "heritage" languages in immigrant populations, and comparative studies across typologically distinct language groups; (4) Neural Network Studies of language (J. Elman), with an emphasis on simulations of language learning and language breakdown under a range of different assumptions about the structure of the system and the context of learning and loss; (5) Event-Related Brain Potential (ERP) (M. Kutas); and (6) Functional Magnetic Resonance Imagining (M. Sereno), two components to capture two complementary neural imaging techniques, applied to normal children and adults, and to children and adults with neurological impairments and/or behaviorally defined communication disorders. All trainees specialize in (at least) two of the six areas (a major and a minor), and receive some exposure to all six areas through laboratory rotations, coursework, and activities within the UCSD Center for Research in Language. Courses and laboratory rotations are offered by a larger faculty of scientists at UCSD, San Diego State University and the Salk Institute for Biological Studies. We request eight predoctoral and three postdoctoral trainees per year. Predoctoral students apply through Cognitive Science, Linguistics, Psychology, or the SDSU/UCSD Joint Doctoral Program in Communication Disorders, and meet all requirements for those departments. Postdoctoral trainees apply directly to the Center for Research in Language. The proposed increase of three trainees (two predoctoral, one postdoctoral) is justified by growth in the last five years in three areas: the new UCSD Neural Imaging Center, the Center for Human Development (a new research unit to study neural to cultural aspects of human development), and new opportunities in multilingual/cross-language research.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们建议续签语言，交流和大脑的跨学科培训计划。该计划强调了认知科学和神经科学方面的新技术和新的理论框架（例如，实时语言处理的神经成像，电生理学和行为研究的进步，语言学习和分解的计算机模拟）。拟议的计划将丰富的专业知识，思想，人群和技术汇集在一起​​，并使他们掌握了对语言学习，语言使用和语言障碍构成的心理和神经机制感兴趣的年轻科学家。未来五年的计划将由七位高级科学家的执行委员会领导，包括计划主任（E. Bates），以及六个研究和培训组件的董事； （1）沟通障碍（B. Wulfeck），包括对成人失语和儿童语言障碍的研究； （2）心理语言学（D. Swinney），包括对成人的实时语言和处理的研究，以及对儿童语言学习的研究； （3）多语言和比较语言研究（M. Polinsky），一个新的组成部分，强调了对移民人群中“遗产”语言的多种语言（处理，学习，疾病）的研究，以及类型上不同语言群体的比较研究； （4）语言的神经网络研究（J. Elman），重点是对语言学习和语言崩溃的模拟，这是对系统结构以及学习和损失的一系列不同假设的模拟； （5）事件相关的大脑电位（ERP）（M. kutas）； （6）功能性磁共振想象（M. Sereno），两个组件，用于捕获两种互补的神经成像技术，应用于正常的儿童和成人，以及具有神经系统障碍和/或行为定义的沟通障碍的儿童和成人。所有受训者都专门（至少）六个领域中的两个（一个专业和一个未成年人），并通过UCSD语言研究中心内的实验室轮换，课程和活动来接触所有六个领域。 UCSD，圣地亚哥州立大学和SALK生物学研究所的科学家更大的科学家提供了课程和实验室轮换。我们每年要求八名八名五位和三位博士后学员。专业的学生通过认知科学，语言学，心理学或SDSU/UCSD联合博士学位的沟通障碍申请，并满足这些部门的所有要求。博士后学员直接申请语言研究中心。在过去五年中，在三个领域的增长是合理的三个学员（两名学员（两名学士，一个博士后）：新的UCSD神经成像中心，人类发展中心（研究人类发展的神经到文化方面的新研究部门），以及多种语言/跨语言研究的新机会。