Language, Communication and the Brain

语言、交流和大脑

• 批准号: 7433460
• 负责人: MARTA KUTAS
• 金额: $ 35.48万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-07-01 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7433460
• 关键词: Brain; Communication; Language

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose renewal of our interdisciplinary program in Language, Communication, and the Brain aimed at training a new breed of interdisciplinary, multi-method language scientist. The proposed program pulls together the expertise, ideas, populations and technologies available in abundance across this community, placing them at the disposal of young scientists interested in the mental and neural mechanisms underlying language learning, use, and disorders across the lifespan. The cross-departmental program (across 4 departments) for the next 5 years will be headed by an Executive Committee of 5 junior-senior director pairs (including program director, M. Kutas) and directors of 5 research-training components: (1) Psycholinguistics (K. Rayner, V. Ferreiera), including studies of real-time language comprehension and production, using behavioral, eye tracking, and electrophysiological measures; (2) Neuroimaging of Language (E. Halgren, R. Kluender), including ERP, MEG, fMRI, and intracranial recordings applied to normal and abnormal individuals; (3) Computational Modeling of Language (J. Elman, A. Kehler), including a broad class of modeling techniques (e.g., neural networks, statistical analysis of large scale language corpora, Bayesian models); (4) Signed Languages and Gesture (K. Emmorey, S. Coulson) studied via multiple techniques per se and as probes into the neurobiological and cognitive architectures of human language; and (5) Language Acquisition and Decline (M. Kutas, R. Mayberry), multi-method approaches to the language acquisition, learning, and use from infancy to old age. All trainees specialize in (at least) 2 of the 5 areas, with some exposure to all 5 areas through laboratory rotations, coursework, and activities within the UCSD Center for Research in Language, offered by a larger faculty of scientists at UCSD and SDSU. We request 7 pre-doctoral (increase of 1) and 2 post-doctoral (each supported for 2 years) trainees per year. The public health benefits of this training program will be to change the predominant view that language is an abstract symbol processing, rule-generating system instantiated in some brain structure to a more dynamic one in which language is a processing experience that may alter the anatomical (and associated functional) organizations of the brain regions involved in interpreting it. This changing perspective has implications for 1st and 2nd language (bilingual & immigrant) learning and remediation with normal aging and brain damage.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们提议在语言，交流和旨在培训新的跨学科，多方法科学家的新品种的跨学科计划续签我们的跨学科计划。拟议的计划汇集了该社区丰富的专业知识，思想，人群和技术，使他们掌握了对整个寿命中语言学习，使用和障碍的心理和神经机制感兴趣的年轻科学家。接下来的5年（跨四个部门）将由5个初级董事成对的执行委员会（包括计划主任，M。Kutas）和5个研究培训组件的董事领导：（1）心理语言学（K. Rayner，V。Ferreiera），包括使用实时语言和生产的研究，使用实时语言和Electery，Electial，Electial，包括心理学培训组成部分：（1） （2）语言的神经影像学（E. Halgren，R。Kluender），包括ERP，MEG，FMRI和颅内记录，应用于正常和异常的个体； （3）语言的计算建模（J. Elman，A。Kehler），包括广泛的建模技术（例如，神经网络，大规模语言语料库的统计分析，贝叶斯模型）； （4）签名语言和手势（K. Emmorey，S。Coulson）通过多种技术本身研究，并作为对人类语言的神经生物学和认知结构进行探测； （5）语言获取和衰落（M. Kutas，R。Mayberry），从婴儿期到老年的语言获取，学习和使用的多方法方法。所有受训者都专门研究（至少）5个领域中的2个，并通过UCSD语言研究中心内的实验室轮换，课程和活动暴露于所有5个领域，由UCSD和SDSU的一位较大的科学家提供。我们要求每年7个博士后（增加1）和2个博士后（每个人支持2年）。该培训计划的公共卫生好处是改变以下观点，即语言是一种抽象的符号处理，在某些大脑结构中实例化的规则生成系统更具动态性，该系统是一种语言是一种处理体验，可能会改变涉及大脑区域的解剖学（和相关的功能）组织。这种不断变化的观点对第一语言和第二语言（双语和移民）学习和修复具有正常衰老和脑损伤的影响。