ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF PRIMING AND RECOLLECTION

启动和记忆的电生理学研究

基本信息

批准号：
2416074
负责人：
MARTA KUTAS
金额：
$ 22.1万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1995
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1995-05-01 至 2000-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2416074
关键词：
attention auditory stimulus awareness brain electrical activity cognition cues electroencephalography evoked potentials human subject imagery memory memory disorders neural information processing performance psycholinguistics stimulus /response visual stimulus

项目摘要

This proposal is aimed at expanding our knowledge of the psychological and physiological bases of memory primarily from scalp recordings of event-related potentials (ERPs) to verbal and pictorial stimuli in a variety of implicit and explicit memory tasks. Current evidence suggests that a late positive component between 300 and 800 msec may index conscious recollection while several earlier components may be related to perceptual priming. We plan to test these working hypotheses. The resulting data should further our knowledge as to the independence, interdependence, and relative timing of the processes underlying perceptual priming, conceptual priming, and performance on explicit tests of memory. The proposed studies continue our investigations of word priming (perceptual and conceptual) and recognition memory using manipulations that differentially affect measures of one but not the other. We will also extend these questions to pictures. Several experiments will also utilize patients with memory disorders as we think that such a combined approach is necessary to fully understand memory mechanisms and to validate the proposed links between memory-related processes and their brain substrates as indexed by ERP measures. By altering the modality of presentation from study (auditory) to test (visual), Expt. 1 will investigate the hypothesis that an early occipital negativity elicited by words in a lexical decision task is an index of perceptual priming. Expt. 2 will examine the specificity of this effect by replicating Expt. l employing an auditory lexical decision task. Expt 3 will examine the modality independence of the recollection template by examining the ERPs elicited during an auditory lexical decision with interleaved recognition judgements following a levels-of-processing study manipulation. Expt. 4 would isolate the ERP components associated with perceptual priming in the word stem completion task by altering both the font and typecase from study to test. Expt. 5 attempts to tease apart perceptual and conceptual priming effects by examining ERPs to visual word stems during completion and cued recall following study in either the same (visual) or a different (auditory) modality. Expts. 6 & 7 utilize the method of opposition in a word stem completion paradigm to separate facilitation due to priming from that due to intentional retrieval. To that end, Expt. 6 will vary the amount of attention directed at words during study while Expt. 7 will present words too briefly to allow identification (Expt. 7). Expts. 8 & 9 will examine perceptual (for same token as study) and conceptual (for token different from study) ERP priming effects on picture fragments prior to their identification. Expt. 10-Il use amnesic patients and elderly controls to further validate our ERP indices of priming and memory tested explicitly.

该建议旨在扩大我们对心理的了解记忆的生理基础主要来自头皮记录事件相关电位（ERP）到言语和绘画刺激多种隐式和明确的内存任务。当前的证据表明 300至800毫秒之间的晚期正分量可能会指数有意识的回忆，而几个较早的组件可能是相关的感知启动。我们计划检验这些工作假设。这最终的数据应该进一步了解独立性，相互依存关系和基础过程的相对时机显式测试的感知启动，概念启动和性能记忆。拟议的研究继续我们对单词的调查启动（感知和概念）和使用操纵差异地影响一个措施但没有影响的操作其他。我们还将将这些问题扩展到图片。一些我们认为，实验还将利用记忆障碍患者这样的组合方法对于充分理解记忆是必要的机制并验证与内存有关的链接通过ERP测量索引的过程及其大脑底物。通过改变研究（听觉）的演示方式到测试（视觉），expt。 1将研究早期枕骨的假设在词汇决策任务中引起的单词引起的消极情绪是指索引感知启动。 expt。 2将检查此效果的特异性通过复制expt。 l采用听觉词汇决策任务。 expt 3将通过检查回忆模板的模式独立性检查在听觉词汇决定中引起的ERP 处理水平的研究后，识别判断的交错判断操纵。 expt。 4将隔离与之相关的ERP组件通过更改两个从研究到测试的字体和类型酶。 expt。 5尝试分开通过检查ERP到视觉的感知和概念启动效果在完成期间，在研究后召回的单词词干相同的（视觉）或不同的（听觉）方式。 expts。 6和7 在词干完成范式中利用反对方法由于有意的检索。为此，expt。 6会改变关注的量在研究期间针对言语。 7也会呈现单词简要允许识别（7）。 expts。 8和9将检查感知（与研究相同的令牌）和概念（对于代币不同从研究中）ERP启动对图片片段的影响鉴别。 expt。 10-IL使用健忘症患者和老年对照组进一步验证我们的启动和记忆的ERP指数明确测试。