Application of aneuploid plants to plant breeding in genus Nicotiana

非整倍体植物在烟草属植物育种中的应用

基本信息

批准号：
62560003
负责人：
NIIZEKI Minoru
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
Faculty of Agriculture, Hirosaki University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1987
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1987 至 1988
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Aneuploids have been useful for studying the genetics of many plant species and have possibility to be used for plant breeding. Firstly, in order to investigate the genic balance influenced by addition of an extra chromosome to diploid and haploid complements, an experiment was carried out on the production of trisomic (2n+1) and disomic haploid (n+1)plants in Nicotiana sylvestris (n=x=12). F_1 plants between triploid and diploid were backcrossed with the diploid plants. Sixty one trisomic plants were selected from the B_1 progenies. These trisomic plants were grouped into 12 types by the leaf shape and flower morphology. The anther culture was performed using the 12 types of trisomics. Among the obtained disomic haploids 5 types of plants developed frower organ. The flower of disomic haploid derived from B220 trisomic plant was conspicuously small and malformed, while the corresponding trisomic plant produced normal and remarkably larger flowers and leaves than the normal diploid. Thu … More s , trisomic line B220 will be very useful as a cultivar. However, in seed-propagated species, the low transimission of the extra chromosome has prevented such plants from becoming agriculturally useful cultivars. In line B220, the transfer of the extra chromosome in 2n x 2n+1 crosses was very low. This was due to the delayed development of n+1 pollen grains, which are not full maturity at the time of anthesis. The transfer of the extra chromosome in 2n x 2n+1 crosses was increased by a 1 day delay in pollination and also by pollination of small pollen grains selected through nylon meshes. Especially, pollen selected by using 30 and 25 m nylon meshes induced an extremely high transfer of the extra chromosome, namely 51.9% and 70.4%, respectively. Secondly, pollen grains in the anthers of disomic haploids of B220 treated before culture with physical mutagen such as X-rays, may be a useful method to induce the duplication of a chromosome segment which induces large leaf and flower. Doubling of genome may result in homozygous plantlets in the portion of duplicated chromosome segment. We realized many chromosome aberrations in plantlets induced by the anther treated by X-rays. No single plant with a useful duplication of the chromosome segment for agronomic character, however, has been achieved until now. It seems that in order to attempt to produce a specific duplication which is useful agriculturally, a huge number of translocations will be required. Less

非整倍体对许多植物物种进行了研究，并且有可能用于植物育种。 x = 120植物的二十二十一个植物。开发的fro froot trisomic植物的沮丧的单倍体是相应的植物，这通常比正常的二倍体植物额外的染色体的递减具有公主的植物，从而成为农业植物，在2n x 2n+ 1个十字架中，额外的染色体是非常低的。花的授粉和通过30和25 M尼龙网状的花粉选择的小花粉量的粉丝。用物理诱变剂（例如X射线）治疗的B220的疾病单倍体可能是染色体段，它在纯合植物中诱导大量的植物性植物。通过X射线治疗的花药。需要少