Analysis of the mechanism and induction of usefull somaclonal variations in plant breeding

植物育种中有用体细胞克隆变异的机制和诱导分析

基本信息

批准号：
06454040
负责人：
NIIZEKI Minoru
金额：
$ 3.58万
依托单位：
Hirosaki University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1994
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1994 至 1995
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

1.In the second generation of regenerants derived from the calli of rice (Oryza sativa cv. Akihikari).some progenies segregated into several mutants such as albino, xantha, stripe and alboviridis. These mutant genes may belong to the nucleus genome. In the long term culture we obtained progenies with semidwarf and early heading which may be very important for the plant breeding of rice.2.The calli of Nicotiana sylvestris were cultured on the medium containing the young leaf extract of N.sylvestris. The frequency of cultured cells with normal chromosome number, 2n=24, were significantly higher than the cells cultured on the medium without the leaf extract.3.The GUS gene cut in the middle by hygromicin resistant gene (HYG^R) were transformed to the tobacco callus by using agrobacterium tumefaciens. The GUS activity recovered by the recombination of homologus DNA sequences was observed in root, stem and leaf. This indicates that the recombination occurs within a chromosome.4.The genomic clone which is partially homologus with the MuDR transposon of corn was found in the rice. This clone, however, did not recover the activity of transposable element in the cell culture of the rice.5.The seedlings of soybean were applied by the ultraviolet rays (UV-B) and then special regions of RNA (chalcone syntase gene family) were amplified by RT-PCR.The amplification of RNA was observed in all gene family, especially No.5 gene. Preparation for the development of UV-B resistant plant induced by tissue and cell culture is now on the way.

1.在第二代源自大米（oryza sativacv。akihikari）的再生物的再生物中。某些后代被隔离为几个突变体，例如白化病，Xantha，Stripe和alboviridis。这些突变基因可能属于细胞核基因组。在长期培养中，我们获得了半战和早期标题的后代，这对于水稻的植物育种可能非常重要。2。尼古蒂亚纳·西尔维斯特（Nicotiana sylvestris）的calli在含有n.sylvestris的年轻叶片提取物的培养基上培养。具有正常染色体数为2n = 24的培养细胞的频率显着高于在没有叶子提取物的培养基上培养的细胞。3。将GUS基因通过抗湿基因（HYG^r）在中间切割的GUS基因转化为使用农业tumefaciens的烟草愈伤组织。在根，茎和叶片中观察到通过同元DNA序列的重组回收的GUS活性。这表明重组发生在染色体内。4。在水稻中发现了与玉米的mudr transon的基因组克隆。然而，该克隆并未恢复大米细胞培养物中可转座元件的活性。通过RT-PCR扩增。在所有基因家族，尤其是5号基因中，RNA的扩增均被放大。为组织和细胞培养引起的抗UV-B抗性植物的发展准备。