Study on somaclonal variation and utilization for plant breeding

体细胞无性系变异及其在植物育种中的应用研究

基本信息

批准号：
02660001
负责人：
NIIZEKI Minoru
金额：
$ 1.54万
依托单位：
Faculty of Agriculture, Hirosaki University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
1990
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1990 至 1991
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-02660001/
关键词：
Lotus corniculatus L.Birdsfoot trefoil Protoclone Somaclonal variation Chromosome structural changes Mitochondrial DNA Chloroplast DNA Nuclear gene カルス核遣伝子 Rubisco 収量形質 HCN 染色体変異一価染色体逆位

项目摘要

Lotus corniculatus L. is a widely cultivated, outbreeding, leguminous forage crop. Seventy-one plants ; most of which were tetraploid, were regenerated from calli derived from a single protoplast. Their morphological and agronomic traits were evaluated and compared with those of the seed-produced population. The variances of most of the traits in the protoplast-derived(protoclonal)population were smaller than those of the seed-produced population. Mean values of all the traits of the protoclonal population shifted significantly towards lower values. However, new phenotypic variants with higher values than those of the plant initially used for protoplast isolation were also observed. Plants with less hydrocyanic acid(which has a toxic effect on cattle)than the initial plant were obtained in the protoclones. Generally, the pollen fertility of protoclones was significantly low compared with the seed-produced plants. This seems to be partly due to the occurrence of abnormalities in chromos … More ome structure during protoplast and/or callus culture, as suggested by the formation of univalents, lagging, and fragment chromosomes and bridges at metaphase I and anaphase I and II of the regenerants. The changes in chrome some structure, however, did not induce any malformed morphologies.The mtDNA of two plants derived seeds and five protoclonal plants were analyzed by Southern blotting. Seed-derived plants showed different hybridized fragment patterns in 13% of all the combinations of restriction enzymes and mtDNA probes. On the other hand, most of the fragment patterns of protoclonal plants were the same as those of one of plants derived from the seeds. Only 2(4%)of all the combinations of restriction enzymes and probes showed fragment variations.However, all of the varied fragments were identical to the fragments of one of the seed-derived plants. This fact indicates that variations may occur frequently at the same location of the mitocondrial genome or else the variations may occur in constant directions.The nuclear DNAs were also analyzed by using the probes of genes of small subunit of Rubisco, phenylalanine ammonia lyase and ribosomal RNA. From this experiment, it was found that these genes were very stable without any variations. Less

百脉根 (Lotus corniculatus L.) 是一种广泛栽培的豆科饲料作物；其中大部分是四倍体，由单一原生质体衍生的愈伤组织进行了评估，并与种子进行了比较。原生质体衍生（原克隆）群体中大多数性状的方差小于种子产生的群体。原克隆群体的所有性状的平均值显着转向较低值，然而，还观察到了比最初用于原生质体分离的植物具有更高值的新表型变体（其具有较少的氢氰酸）。一般来说，与种子产生的植物相比，原克隆的花粉育性明显较低。原生质体和/或愈伤组织培养期间的染色体结构，如再生体的中期 I 和后期 I 和 II 处单价染色体、滞后染色体和片段染色体和桥的形成所示，然而，铬一些结构的变化确实如此。不诱导任何畸形的形态。通过Southern印迹分析了两种植物来源的种子和五种原克隆植物的mtDNA，在其中显示出不同的杂交片段模式。 13％的限制性内切酶和mtDNA探针的组合，另一方面，大多数原克隆植物的片段模式与来自种子的其中一种植物的片段模式相同。限制性内切酶和探针显示片段变异。然而，所有变异片段与种子来源植物之一的片段相同，这一事实表明变异可能频繁发生在线粒体基因组或线粒体基因组的相同位置。还利用Rubisco小亚基、苯丙氨酸解氨酶和核糖体RNA的基因探针对核DNA进行了分析，发现这些基因非常稳定，没有任何变异。。较少的