Interregional Interaction and Sociopolitical Change on the Peruvian Far North Coast

秘鲁远北海岸的区域间互动和社会政治变化

• 批准号: 0225469
• 负责人: Izumi Shimada
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: Southern Illinois University at Carbondale
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-08-15 至 2003-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0225469&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Interregional; Interaction; Sociopolitical; Change; Peruvian

With National Science Foundation support, Mr. Jorge Montenegro will conduct one year dissertation research to define the sociopolitical organization of local polities and the nature and dynamics of interregional interaction in the Upper Piura Valley on the Peruvian Far North Coast. Previous archaeological studies of culture contact have often emphasized the strategies and perceptions of dominant external "core" polities while ignoring those of the subjects or "peripheries". There is evidence of powerful Mochica (AD 300-750) and the Middle Sican (AD 900-1100) "core" polities, from coastal valleys to the south, in the study area. Yet the significance of this evidence and the nature of interaction between the local and these foreign polities are poorly understood. For example, was this interaction coercive or peaceful and/or negotiated? Was it politically or economically motivated? Was it continuous or discontinuous in time and space? Did it involve only a specific social segment or a broader segment? What led to their interaction? These research questions will be answered through a characterization of the local polities as reflected in their sociopolitical and economic structure, and testing of different scenarios and their expected material evidence. The first possibility is that interaction was coercive; a second scenario considers interaction as a more peaceful and/or negotiated process; and the last scenario is a potential situation of physical coexistence without much or any interaction. Settlement/land use pattern survey, test excavations, and pottery and architecture stylistic analysis are the methods proposed for data collection. Systematic surface survey will localize and determine the nature and patterns of site distribution and its surrounding environment. Aerial photographs and topographic, soil, hydrological, and vegetation maps will be used for this purpose. A total of ca. 100 sq-km is the estimated survey area. Sites thus discovered will be described, recorded, and mapped, and dimensions and locations will be measured and determined using a GPS receiver. A purposive collection of artifacts found on surface will give a good idea of the range of variation within a site's surface artifact assemblage. Finally, small test (2 x 2 or 4 x 4 m) pits will be excavated at some of the sites to collect radiocarbon samples, stratigraphic and site formation data. The data collected will be used to create a GIS database and perform spatial analysis. Laboratory analysis will be focused on a detailed observation of pottery recovered. A technological, stylistic, and morpho-functional classification and analysis will be carried out to better define the local polities' traditions and their relationship to those of foreign polities. This research is important for several reasons. It offers an excellent opportunity to study culture contact and to test and/or refine competing models of interregional interaction. It will establish a sound and necessary foundation for the planned long-term project investigating interactions between: 1) the Far North Coast and North Coast, and 2) these regions and the North Andes. Finally, this investigation will yield new information on an area that is relatively unknown archaeologically.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，豪尔赫·黑山（Jorge Montenegro）先生将进行一年的论文研究，以定义地方政府的社会政治组织以及秘鲁远北海岸上皮拉河谷的区域间互动的性质和动态。 先前对文化接触的考古研究经常强调主导外部“核心”政体的策略和看法，同时忽略受试者或“外围”的策略和看法。 有证据表明，从沿海山谷到南部的研究区域，有强大的摩卡氏（AD 300-750）和中间人（AD 900-1100）“核心”政体。 然而，这些证据的意义以及地方和这些外交政体之间相互作用的性质知之甚少。 例如，这种互动是强制性还是和平和/或谈判？ 它在政治上还是出于经济动机？ 在时间和空间上是连续的还是不连续的？ 它仅涉及特定的社会细分市场或更广泛的细分市场吗？ 是什么导致了他们的互动？ 这些研究问题将通过对社会政治和经济结构的反映的当地政体的特征以及对不同情景及其预期的物质证据的测试来回答。 第一个可能性是互动是强制性的。第二种情况将互动视为更和平和/或谈判的过程；最后的情况是物理共存的潜在情况，而没有太多或任何互动。 定居/土地使用模式调查，测试发掘以及陶器和建筑风格分析是为数据收集提出的方法。 系统的表面调查将定位并确定场地分布及其周围环境的性质和模式。 航拍照片和地形，土壤，水文和植被图将用于此目的。 总共约100平方公里是估计的调查区域。 这样发现的站点将被描述，记录和映射，并将使用GPS接收器测量和确定尺寸和位置。 在表面上发现的有目的的人工制品集将有一个很好的了解位点表面伪像组合中的变化范围。 最后，将在某些地点挖掘小测试（2 x 2或4 x 4 m）坑，以收集放射性碳样品，地层和位点形成数据。 收集的数据将用于创建GIS数据库并执行空间分析。 实验室分析将集中于对回收陶器的详细观察。 将进行技术，风格和形态功能的分类和分析，以更好地定义当地政体的传统及其与外国政治的传统。 这项研究很重要，原因有几个。 它提供了一个很好的机会来研究文化接触，测试和/或完善区域间相互作用的竞争模型。 它将为计划的长期项目为调查：1）北海岸和北海岸的互动建立一个健全的基础，以及2）这些地区和北安第斯山脉。 最后，这项调查将产生有关相对未知的考古学区域的新信息。