Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Environmental Dynamics and Cultural Processes at Cajamarquilla, Central Coast of Peru

博士论文改进补助金：秘鲁中央海岸卡哈马基亚的环境动力学和文化过程

• 批准号: 1160377
• 负责人: Izumi Shimada
• 金额: $ 2万
• 依托单位: Southern Illinois University at Carbondale
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-08-01 至 2015-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1160377&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Environmental

Under the supervision of Dr. Izumi Shimada, Rafael Segura will collect and analyze data from archaeological excavations at the major pre-Hispanic urban site of Cajamarquilla on the Peruvian central coast. Specifically, the project will investigate the role of inferred major hydrological disturbances during a time span of ca. 800 years in local and regional cultural processes from an interdisciplinary perspective.Previous paleonvironmental reconstructions in the central Andes indicate the occurrence of extraordinary and prolonged droughts and floods during the Middle Horizon (MH, ca. AD 550-1000) and Late Intermediate Period (LIP, ca. 1000-1470). These phenomena would have compelled people to develop appropriate adaptive responses and, in some cases, differentially accelerated cultural change. Thus, it has been hypothesized that rapid population nucleation and/or site abandonment episodes on the central coast would reflect crucial accommodations to hydrologic upheavals. However, serious voids still undermine understanding of the referred natural-cultural processes. Particularly, the region lacks reliable relative and absolute chronologies; systematic studies of local paleoenvironmental history and processes have barely started. In addition, excessive focus on one culture-one period impedes an assessment of links between paleoenvironmental variation and short and long-term human responses. Cajamarquilla provides an excellent setting to address these concerns because of its economically strategic but hazardous location and relatively well preserved multicultural occupation over MH and LIP, including associated canals and inferred reservoirs and storage facilities. To test the primary hypothesis that severe environmental fluctuations conditioned the foundation, abandonment, and reoccupation of Cajamarquilla during the MH and LIP, Mr. Segura will conduct the following: (1) collection of radiocarbon samples to refine occupational history vis-à-vis the postulated natural phenomena; (2) analysis of sedimentary deposits (including thin section microscopy analysis) and microbotanic remains (pollen grains, starch grains and phytoliths) from natural and cultural features, such as bank exposures of a nearby dry water course, abandoned canals and reservoirs, and house floors; (3) assessment of the structural and functional characteristics of selected canals, reservoirs and storage pits; and (4) characterization of abandonment and architectural reconstruction events vis-à-vis signatures of destructive flooding or severe water shortage. This research will have a broader impact beyond the research topics presented. Firstly, it will improve knowledge and appreciation of potential risk in an area historically impacted by floods and droughts, especially in the context of global warming. This will be relevant for preventive measures and urban planning as modern populations live on ancient channels around the site and elsewhere in the world. Second, because of its focus on combined cultural and natural data, the project will foster synergetic international collaboration of professionals and students representing different disciplines that will enhance their skills as well as their own disciplinary and cross-disciplinary knowledge and appreciation. Finally, the research will enrich and disseminate our knowledge of Cajamarquilla, one of the only two still-preserved large urban sites on the central coast. This will enhance future protection of the site against uncontrolled modern urban growth.

在Izumi Shimada博士的监督下，拉斐尔·塞古拉（Rafael Segura）将从秘鲁中央海岸的Cajamarquilla的主要前城市遗址中收集和分析数据。具体而言，该项目将在CA的时间范围内调查推断的主要水文疾病的作用。从跨学科的角度来看，在本地和区域文化过程中进行了800年。中央安第斯山脉中的较古环境重建表明，在中间地平线（MH，CA. AD 550-1000）中发生了非凡的干旱和延长的干旱和地板，并发生了中间时期（LIP，lip，lip，lip，ca.1000-1470）。这些现象将迫使人们发展适当的适应性反应，并在某些情况下差异化的文化变革。这就是假设中央海岸的迅速种群成核和/或现场放弃发作将反映出对水文动力的关键适应性。但是，严重的空隙仍然了解所引用的自然文化过程。特别是，该地区缺乏可靠的相对和绝对时间顺序。对局部古环境历史和过程的系统研究几乎没有开始。此外，过度关注一个文化时期会阻碍对古环境变异与短期和长期人类反应之间的联系的评估。 Cajamarquilla提供了一个绝佳的环境来解决这些问题，因为其经济战略性但危险的位置以及对MH和LIP的相对保存完好的多元文化职业，包括相关的运河以及推断的储量和存储设施。为了检验主要的假设，即在MH和LIP期间，严重的环境波动调节了Cajamarquilla的基础，放弃和重新占据，Segura先生将进行以下操作：（1）放射性碳样本收集以改善占用的职业历史，相对于假定的自然现象； （2）分析来自自然和文化特征的沉积沉积物（包括薄截面显微镜分析）和微生物含量（花粉颗粒，淀粉颗粒和植物石），例如靠近干燥的水路，废弃的运河和储层以及房屋地板的河岸曝光； （3）评估所选运河，储层和存储坑的结构和功能特征； （4）对遗弃和建筑重建事件的表征相对于破坏性洪水或严重水短缺的签名。这项研究将超出提出的研究主题的更大影响。首先，它将在历史上受到地板和干旱影响的领域的知识和对潜在风险的了解，尤其是在全球变暖的背景下。这将与预防措施和城市规划有关，因为现代人口生活在现场和世界其他地方的古老渠道上。其次，由于其专注于文化和自然数据，该项目将促进代表不同学科的专业人士和学生的协同国际合作，这些学科将提高他们的技能以及他们自己的纪律和跨学科知识和欣赏。最后，这项研究将丰富和传播我们对Cajamarquilla的了解，Cajamarquilla是中央海岸仅有的两个仍保存下来的大型城市。这将增强对现场的未来保护，以防止不受控制的现代城市增长。