The Role of Social Organization in the Organization of Complex Society

社会组织在复杂社会组织中的作用

• 批准号: 1822783
• 负责人: Izumi Shimada
• 金额: $ 21.35万
• 依托单位: Southern Illinois University at Carbondale
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-07-15 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1822783&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Role; Social; Organization; Complex; Society

Dr. Izumi Shimada, of Southern Illinois University, together with colleagues will conduct research on the nature and means of social and political integration, highlighting the importance of kinship and shared religion. Earlier studies on this topic have emphasized the role of political economy and control of resources and production, coercive actions or sponsorship of public events. Kinship connections and cooperative behaviors were downplayed. The resultant models accordingly stressed the strongly centralized and hierarchical character of sociopolitical organization. Archaeology, particularly in collaboration with complementary fields, is well placed to illuminate factors and processes that promote stable and effective sociopolitical integration, a topic that has been a pervasive concern for studies of complex societies past and present. In contrast to previous studies, this research highlights instead the importance of kinship or the degree and nature of genetic affinity to the real or fictional ancestors and shared religious beliefs and rituals, thereby significantly broadening the perspective on factors and hierarchical and non-hierarchical means of achieving such integration. Not only does this research promote international and interdisciplinary dialogue and collaboration, but also American and Peruvian student and postdoctorate training. In addition, it will enrich the public display at the Sican National Museum that represents an effective sharing of research results with both Peruvian and the non-Peruvian public. Monumental architecture built by many complex societies past and present serves as an impressive, durable symbolic marker of power, prestige and identity of associated groups. What then do multiple coexistent monuments built close in time and space at a single location signify about group(s) that built them? This question guides the field research in the Lambayeque region on the north coast of Peru by Dr. Shimada and his team. Taking advantage of the fact that monuments at the 1000-year old Sican capital have closely associated cemeteries, the investigators will excavate burials that have been located in previous seasons of fieldwork and carry out multiple detailed analyses of human skeletons, ceramic, metal and other funerary objects as well as their associated styles and images. Results from skeletal analysis, including ancient DNA, signs of developmental health, and statistical analysis of numerous measurements taken on teeth will illuminate genealogical relationships and life style of individuals being compared. Ratios of carbon, nitrogen and strontium isotopes defined from skeletal samples will in turn inform on dietary composition and geographic origins of the same individuals. In addition, determination of choices of techniques, styles, images, and/or raw materials used in manufacturing of funerary objects further aid in distinguishing artisans and larger groups to which they pertain. Employing the above multi-disciplinary methodology, the research team will test three competing hypotheses regarding the importance of kinship and shared religious beliefs. Test results will be integrated into an expanding, regional funerary, DNA and other biological database that will serve as a referential base for years to come.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

伊利诺伊大学南部大学的Izumi Shimada博士与同事一起将对社会和政治融合的性质和手段进行研究，强调亲属关系和共同宗教的重要性。关于该主题的早期研究强调了政治经济学的作用，控制资源和生产，强制行动或对公共事件的赞助。亲属关系和合作行为被轻描淡写。因此，最终的模型强调了社会政治组织的强烈集中和等级的特征。考古学，特别是与互补领域的合作，可以很好地阐明促进稳定有效的社会政治融合的因素和过程，这是对过去和现在复杂社会研究的普遍关注的话题。与以前的研究相反，这项研究强调了亲属关系或遗传亲和力对真实或虚构祖先的程度和性质的重要性，并共享宗教信仰和仪式，从而显着扩大了对因素以及等级和非等级制度实现这种整合的观点。这项研究不仅促进了国际和跨学科的对话和协作，还促进了美国和秘鲁的学生和博士后培训。此外，它将在SICAN国家博物馆中丰富公众展示，该博物馆代表了与秘鲁和非佩鲁维亚公众的有效分享研究结果。 许多复杂社会过去和现在建立的纪念性建筑是一个令人印象深刻的，持久的权力，声望和相关群体身份的象征标记。那么，多个共存的纪念碑在一个位置的时间和空间上建立了什么，表示建造它们的组呢？这个问题指导了Shimada博士和他的团队在秘鲁北海岸的Lambayeque地区的现场研究。利用一个事实，即1000年历史的SICAN Capital具有密切相关的墓地的事实，研究人员将挖掘埋葬的葬礼，这些葬礼已在野外工作的季节中，并对人类骨架，陶瓷，金属和其他葬礼对象及其相关样式和图像进行了多次详细分析。骨骼分析的结果，包括古老的DNA，发育健康的迹象以及对牙齿进行的多种测量结果的统计分析，将阐明比较的个体的家谱关系和生活方式。由骨骼样本定义的碳，氮和锶同位素的比率又将告知同一个体的饮食成分和地理起源。此外，确定用于制造丧葬对象的技术，样式，图像和/或原材料的选择进一步有助于区分与之相关的工匠和较大的群体。 研究小组采用上述多学科方法论，将检验三个关于亲属关系和共同宗教信仰的重要性的相互竞争的假设。测试结果将集成到一个不断扩展的，区域葬礼，DNA和其他生物数据库中，该数据库将在未来几年内成为参考基础。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并且认为值得通过基金会的知识分子优点评估来获得支持，并具有更广泛的影响标准。