The Pachacamac Project: Excavations at Pilgrims' Plaza, 2004-05

帕查卡马克项目：朝圣者广场的发掘，2004-05

• 批准号: 0411625
• 负责人: Izumi Shimada
• 金额: $ 16.93万
• 依托单位: Southern Illinois University at Carbondale
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-01 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0411625&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Pachacamac; Project; Excavations; Pilgrims; Plaza

With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Izumi Shimada and his team ofspecialists and students will conduct two seasons (2004 and 2005) ofarchaeological fieldwork at the famed pre-Hispanic religious center ofPachacamac just south of the city of Lima on the central coast of Peru.Pachacamac was one of the most revered and durable prehistoricreligious/pilgrimage centers in the Andean region, arguably the Mecca ofthe Americas. Today, along with Macchu Picchu, it is one of the best-knownand oft-visited monuments of Peru. The powerful patron deity of this centerwas much feared even by the mighty Inkas, who often consulted its oracle.Following Spanish conquest of the Andean world and the imposition ofCatholicism, the deity was transformed into the Purple Christ andcontinues today to command the fervent devotion of millions of modernresidents of Lima and surrounding areas. With the participation of archaeologists, botanists, chemist, historian, and zoologist from Germany,Japan, Peru and the U.S., this research aims to clarify the (1) identity,organization, and roles of the residents of this center, and (2) the roleenvironmental conditions played in its remarkable longevity, resilience andpower. To attain the first goal, we will excavate three areas near the baseof the sacred Temple of Pachacamac. The 2003 survey of this area usingground-penetrating radar (GPR) revealed the presence of superimposed remainsof what are thought to have been residences and workshops down to depths of6 to 7 m below surface that were built over the 1500 plus years of nearlycontinuous prehistoric occupation. In 2004, the team will conduct a supplementaryGPR survey to improve understanding of buried architecture. The secondaim will be achieved through analysis of sediment cores to be extracted fromthe two small ponds situated within and just outside of Pachacamac.Composition and relative frequencies of pollens, diatoms, sediments, andanimal and plant remains in the superimposed layers of sediments shouldallow reconstruction of local climate and ecology, including the effects ofdroughts and El Nino events. This research is important for a number ofreasons: It will (1) advance our understanding of the role of ancientreligious centers in social integration and political centralization, (2)refine approaches to understanding their operation and maintenance, and (3)elucidate the relationship between the ebb and flow of religious centers andassociated ideology, on the one hand, and environmental conditions, on theother. The research is also critical in promoting international andinter-disciplinary collaboration, as well as the training of American andforeign students.

With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Izumi Shimada and his team ofspecialists and students will conduct two seasons (2004 and 2005) ofarchaeological fieldwork at the famed pre-Hispanic religious center ofPachacamac just south of the city of Lima on the central coast of Peru.Pachacamac was one of the most revered and durable prehistoricreligious/pilgrimage centers in the Andean region, arguably the Mecca美洲。如今，它与Macchu Picchu一起，是秘鲁最著名和经常访问的古迹之一。即使是强大的Inkas，这一中心的强大赞助人的神灵也非常担心，他经常咨询其Oracle。以西班牙对安第斯山脉世界的征服以及施加性的情感主义的征服，当今，神灵转变为紫色的基督和康涅狄格州，以纪念着百万名利玛市和周围地区的现代现代人的热心奉献。随着考古学家，植物学家，化学家，历史学家和动物学家的参与，来自德国，日本，秘鲁和美国的动物学家，这项研究旨在阐明该中心居民的（1）身份，组织和角色，以及（2）Roleenvirental条件在其出色的寿命，寿命，韧性，韧性和能力下发挥了作用。为了实现第一个目标，我们将在帕恰卡马克神圣寺庙附近挖掘三个地区。 2003年对该区域进行了渗透雷达（GPR）对该区域进行的调查显示，存在叠加的残留物，认为这是在1500年以下几乎十年以下几乎十年的史前职业中建造的住宅和研讨会，直至地表下6至7 m的深度。 2004年，该团队将进行一项补充调查，以提高对埋藏建筑的理解。第二个aim将通过分析沉积物岩心来实现，这些岩心是从pachacamac的两个小池塘中提取的，在pachacamac.com.com.com.com.com.com.com.com.com.com.com.com.com.com.com pachacamac.com的位置和相对频率，硅藻，沉积物，沉积物，安达尼亚植物和植物仍然存在于叠加的沉积物层中，应避免在包括地方气候和ninlo在内的效果以及包括效果的效果。这项研究对于许多季节很重要：它将（1）提高我们对古代宗教中心在社会融合和政治集中化中的作用的理解，（2）完善理解其运营和维护的方法，以及（3）阐明宗教中心的潮起潮落与相关意识形态的关系，以及一方面和环境条件。这项研究对于促进国际和学科合作以及对美国和外国学生的培训也至关重要。