Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant-- Reconstructing Middle Sican Fuel Use in the La Leche River Valley, Lambayeque, Peru (C.E. 950-1050)

博士论文改进补助金——重建秘鲁兰巴耶克拉莱什河谷中西坎燃料使用（公元 950-1050 年）

• 批准号: 0211364
• 负责人: Izumi Shimada
• 金额: $ 1.16万
• 依托单位: Southern Illinois University at Carbondale
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-04-15 至 2004-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0211364&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Reconstructing

Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Reconstructing Fuel Use from Archaeological Charcoal from the Middle Sican Period, Lambayeque, Peru (C.E. 950-1050).Under the direction of Drs. Lee Newsom and Izumi Shimada, Mr. David J. Goldstein will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. He will continue his participation with the Sican Archaeological Project, a 23-year effort headed by Dr. Shimada to reconstruct the prehistory of the Lambayeque and La Leche River Valleys. Mr. Goldstein will be the first scientist-in-residence at the newly constructed National Sican Museum in Lambayeque, Peru, to complete the analysis of 3 seasons of excavation at Huaca Sialupe a Middle Sican period metal and ceramics workshop. In particular, he will be investigating the charcoal remains from metal furnaces, ceramic kilns, and domestic hearths to reconstruct the use of fuel resources during the period. In conjunction, he will conduct two-months of systematic forest resource surveys, in the spring and fall, to collect comparative botanical materials to complete his analysis. The present state of forest preservation in the area is dire. The area is sparsely covered by dry tropical forests that presently face destruction in light of agricultural clearance and fuel wood harvesting. This clearance is problematic as the local forests enhance soil fertility and raise the groundwater level. It is thought based on experiments carried out by Mr. Goldstein and Dr. Shimada's interdisciplinary team, that Middle Sican metal production severely impacted forest resources in a similar manner in the past. This threat, due to the fuel intensive nature of ceramic and metal production, may have lead to forest conservation measures during the Middle Sican, including measured fuel apportioning between different industries. Through a comparison between the different fuel-use contexts at Huaca Sialupe, and other sites in the area, he aims to pattern how and which fuels were used in each context during this period. At the same time he will utilize a methodology that will investigate the ancient forest ecology in the area.Mr. Goldstein will employ an approach developed by Dr. Newsom based on traditional wood anatomy methods to look at the functional growth anatomy of woody plants to identify the plants used as fuel and interpret the growth ecology of these plants. To date, no studies of the ancient environment adequately describe the stature, extent, and composition of forests present in the area in antiquity. This research will permit the reconstruction of the forest materials available to ancient artisans through comparisons with modern specimens and anatomical wood keys. Ideally, the study will yield information on the manner in which humans extracted fuel resources from an ecosystem that is viewed as fragile in the present day. Mr. Goldstein's research is a foundation work for the development of regional forest resource history, and will demonstrate how people used their available resources to provide fuel to satisfy their economic and subsistence needs in light of marginal resources. Potentially, this investigation will allow local development projects to argue for patterned conservation measures in the area in an effort to preserve the few remaining areas still covered by forest today.

博士学位论文改善赠款：从秘鲁兰巴耶克（Lambayeque）的中间西肯（C.E. 950-1050）重建燃料使用的燃料使用。 Lee Newsom和Izumi Shimada，David J. Goldstein先生将收集数据以获取博士学位论文。 他将继续参与SICAN考古项目，这是Shimada博士领导的23年努力，重建了Lambayeque和La Leche River Valleys的史前历史。 戈德斯坦先生将是秘鲁兰巴耶克新建的国家西里克博物馆的第一家驻场科学家，以完成对瓦卡·米拉鲁普（Huaca Sialupe）挖掘的3个季节的分析。 特别是，他将从金属炉，陶瓷窑和国内炉膛中调查木炭遗骸，以重建此期间使用燃料资源的使用。 结合起来，他将在春季和秋季进行两个月的系统森林资源调查，以收集比较的植物材料以完成他的分析。 该地区目前的森林保存状态是可怕的。 该地区被干燥的热带森林覆盖，鉴于农业清除和燃料木材的收获，目前面临破坏。 由于当地森林增强了土壤的生育能力并提高地下水水平，因此这种清除率是有问题的。 人们认为，基于戈德斯坦先生和新马达博士的跨学科团队进行的实验，中世纪的金属生产过去以类似的方式严重影响了森林资源。 由于陶瓷和金属生产的燃料密集型性质，这种威胁可能会导致西丹中的森林保护措施，包括测量的不同行业之间的燃料分配。 通过比较Huaca Sialupe的不同燃料使用环境与该地区的其他站点之间的比较，他的目标是在此期间对每种情况下在每种情况下使用哪些燃料的方式和哪些燃料。 同时，他将利用一种方法，该方法将研究该地区的古森林生态。 Goldstein将采用Newsom博士根据传统木材解剖方法开发的方法来研究木本植物的功能生长解剖结构，以识别用作燃料的植物并解释这些植物的生长生态学。 迄今为止，对古代环境的研究还没有充分描述上古地区存在的森林的地位，程度和组成。 这项研究将允许通过与现代标本和解剖木钥匙进行比较来重建古代工匠的森林材料。 理想情况下，该研究将产生有关人类从生态系统中提取燃料资源的方式的信息，该生态系统被认为是脆弱的。 戈德斯坦（Goldstein）的研究是开发区域森林资源历史的基础工作，并将展示人们如何使用其可用资源来提供燃料以根据边际资源来满足其经济和生存需求。 这项调查可能会允许地方发展项目为该地区的图案保护措施争辩，以保护今天森林仍覆盖的剩余少数地区。