Dissertation Research: Prehispanic Subsistence Patterns in the Middle Orinoco Basin, Venezuela

论文研究：委内瑞拉中奥里诺科盆地的前西班牙生存模式

• 批准号: 9815941
• 负责人: Izumi Shimada
• 金额: $ 1.16万
• 依托单位: Southern Illinois University at Carbondale
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-11-01 至 2000-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9815941&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Prehispanic; Subsistence; Patterns

Under the direction of Drs. Izumi Shimada and Jonathan Hill, MS Linda Perry will collect data for her doctoral dissertation. She will develop a technique to test for the presence of bitter manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) in archaeological deposits and then apply it to stone artifacts excavated from a series of sites from the Amazonian Middle Orinoco region of Venezuela. Bitter manioc is an important traditional Amazonian food and, based on indirect evidence, is believed to have been domesticated in this region. A major transformation in human social organization is associated with the "Neolithic Revolution", the shift from subsistence based on hunted and gathered foods to reliance on domesticated plants and animals. Archaeologists wish to understand the process that led independently to the domestication of a variety of species in many parts of the world. Because animal bones are often well preserved in archaeological sites, a great deal is known about domestication of mammalian species. However plants, especially root crops in tropical environments, are subject to rapid destruction and their history is less well understood. Botanists have long recognized that many such plants produce starch grains which are can serve as unique species markers and which are well preserved in archaeological situations. These grains often adhere to stone implements used to process the plants and examination of these lithics can provide unequivocal information on the presence of specific species. The technique however has not yet been applied to bitter manioc.MS Perry will analyze samples of bitter manioc to determine the configuration of bitter manioc starch grains and then adapt available techniques and develop an appropriate analytic protocol. She will then test it on a well excavated collection currently housed in the United States. When successfully completed she will then travel to Venezuela and examine materials from a series of Middle Orinoco sites. Several major cultural traditions were present in the region and together the sites trace each over a period of ca. 3,000 years. The research will relate this complex culture history to bitter manioc domestication and utilization.This project is important for several reasons. It will develop an analytic technique of wide archaeological applicability and value in the tropical New World. It will shed new light on the domestication of an important traditional domesticate and help to elucidate South American culture history. It will also help to train a promising young scientist.

在Drs的指导下。 Izumi Shimada和Jonathan Hill，Linda Perry女士将收集有关博士学位论文的数据。她将开发一种技术，以测试考古沉积物中苦味木马（Manihot esculenta crantz）的存在，然后将其应用于委内瑞拉亚马逊中部奥里诺科地区一系列地点的石材伪像。 Bitter Manioc是一种重要的传统亚马逊食品，基于间接证据，被认为在该地区被驯化。人类社会组织的一个重大转变与“新石器时代革命”有关，这是从基于狩猎和收集食物的生存转变，转向依赖驯养的动植物。考古学家希望理解在世界许多地方独立导致各种物种驯化的过程。因为动物骨骼通常在考古遗址保存得很好，所以关于哺乳动物物种的驯化知之甚少。然而，植物，尤其是在热带环境中的根作物，会遭受迅速破坏，其历史知名度不高。植物学家长期以来已经认识到，许多这样的植物产生的淀粉颗粒可以用作独特的物种标记，并且在考古情况下保存得很好。这些谷物通常粘附在用于处理植物的石材上，检查这些岩性可以提供有关特定物种存在的明确信息。然而，该技术尚未应用于苦味manioc.ms Perry将分析苦味Manioc的样品，以确定苦味Manioc淀粉晶粒的配置，然后调整可用技术并制定适当的分析方案。然后，她将对目前在美国的挖掘合理的收藏进行测试。成功完成后，她将前往委内瑞拉，检查一系列中部Orinoco地点的材料。该地区存在几种主要的文化传统，并且在大约一段时间内，每个地点都追踪了各个地方。 3000年。这项研究将将这种复杂的文化历史与苦味的驯化和利用联系起来。该项目由于几个原因很重要。它将在热带新世界中开发出具有广泛考古适用性和价值的分析技术。它将对重要传统驯化的驯化有了新的启示，并有助于阐明南美文化历史。这也将有助于培训一位有前途的年轻科学家。