Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant: Religion at the Edges: Social Boundaries and Religious Architecture in the Prehispanic Southwest

博士论文研究改进补助金：边缘的宗教：前西班牙西南部的社会边界和宗教建筑

• 批准号: 1321760
• 负责人: Barbara Mills
• 金额: $ 1.09万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-05-15 至 2015-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1321760&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Improvement; Grant

Under the supervision of Dr. Barbara Mills, Katherine Dungan will analyze prehispanic religious architecture dating to the 13th and 14th centuries C.E. in east-central Arizona and west-central New Mexico. This large region contains multiple spatial and social boundary zones, areas where groups practicing distinct cultural traditions lived in close proximity to one another. The study will examine the relationship of religious architecture to these boundary zones, asking whether religion played a role in the creation and reinforcement of social boundaries, or, alternatively, whether religion was more flexible at social boundaries. The study will approach these questions through the examination of spatial variability in great kiva (religious structure) characteristics. If great kivas in social boundary zones adhere to an ideal form or size this would suggest that they facilitated boundary maintenance. Conversely, greater variability among boundary zone structures would suggest that a boundary position contributed to religious experimentation or flexibility. Research on religion in the context of boundaries over time challenges the long-standing view of religion in premodern or small-scale societies as primarily integrative.The research will include revisiting collections and records from previously excavated great kivas, along with the creation of a large-scale database from published and unpublished records of approximately 100 sites. Most of the collections to be reexamined were excavated in the mid-20th century, with only the most unusual or spectacular finds interpreted as evidence of religious activity. Reevaluation of these collections, housed primarily at the Field Museum, Harvard Peabody Museum, and Museum of New Mexico Laboratory of Anthropology, should contribute substantially to the broader study of Southwestern religion. The use of existing collections adheres to a preservation-focused approach to archaeology, which emphasizes research with a minimal impact on the archaeological record. The Upper Gila area of New Mexico will serve as an intensive local study area, with data from recently completed excavations and intensive collections analysis complementing the regional database. Limited excavation at a 13th-century site in Mule Creek, NM has demonstrated that this area served as a social boundary zone through time and that the site's religious architecture is unusual compared to that of the larger region. Beyond these specific questions, the research aims to make broader contributions. The database, with spatial data removed, will be made available online, substantially increasing the accessibility of data from understudied collections. Public lands make up a large portion of the study area; the study will increase the information available to managing agencies and for public interpretation. The analysis of material from the completed excavations will continue to provide training opportunities for undergraduates at multiple institutions, including the University of Arizona and Pima Community College. The research continues the collaboration between the University of Arizona and Archaeology Southwest, a non-profit organization focused on archaeological preservation and research. The results of the work will be presented to the public through Archaeology Southwest's website, magazine, and public presentations in Tucson and the Upper Gila, and to an academic audience through peer-reviewed publications. Finally, the results will be used in Archaeology Southwest's landowner outreach in the Upper Gila, ultimately contributing to the preservation of the archaeological record.

在芭芭拉·米尔斯（Barbara Mills）博士的监督下，凯瑟琳·邓甘（Katherine Dungan）将分析前往亚利桑那州东部和新墨西哥州西部的13世纪和14世纪的前宗教宗教建筑。这个大区域包含多个空间和社会边界区域，该地区的群体实践不同的文化传统，彼此近乎靠近。该研究将研究宗教建筑与这些边界区的关系，询问宗教是否在社会界限的创造和增强中发挥作用，或者，或者，宗教在社会边界上是否更灵活。该研究将通过检查大基瓦（宗教结构）特征的空间变异性来解决这些问题。如果社会边界区域中的伟大的基瓦斯（Kivas）遵守理想形式或大小，这将表明它们促进了边界维护。相反，边界区域结构之间的变化更大会表明边界位置有助于宗教实验或灵活性。在随着时间的流逝的边界背景下，对宗教的研究挑战了前现场或小型社会中宗教的长期观点，主要是整合的。该研究将包括重新审视以前发掘的大基瓦斯的收藏和记录，以及创建了大约100个网站的大规模数据库。在20世纪中叶进行了大多数要重新审查的收藏，只有最不寻常或最壮观的发现被解释为宗教活动的证据。重新评估这些收藏品，主要安置在田野博物馆，哈佛皮博迪博物馆和新墨西哥州人类学博物馆，应为西南宗教的更广泛研究做出重大贡献。现有收藏的使用遵循以保护为中心的考古学方法，该方法强调研究对考古记录的影响最小。新墨西哥州的上部吉拉地区将作为一个密集的当地研究领域，并提供来自最近完成的发掘和密集收集分析，以补充区域数据库。在新墨西哥州穆勒克里克（Mule Creek）的13世纪地点进行了有限的发掘表明，该地区一直是社会边界区域，并且与较大地区相比，该地点的宗教建筑与众不同。除这些具体问题外，研究旨在做出更广泛的贡献。将删除带有空间数据的数据库将在线提供，从而大大提高了研究收集的数据的可访问性。公共土地构成了研究区域的很大一部分；该研究将增加可用的管理机构和公众解释的信息。对完成发掘的材料的分析将继续为包括亚利桑那大学和皮马社区学院在内的多个机构的本科生提供培训机会。这项研究延续了亚利桑那大学与西南考古学之间的合作，这是一个致力于考古保护和研究的非营利组织。这项工作的结果将通过西南学院的网站，杂志和图森和上吉拉的公开演讲向公众展示，并通过同行评审的出版物向学术受众介绍。最后，结果将用于西南吉拉（Guper Gila）的考古学西南土地所有者外展，最终为保存考古记录做出了贡献。