Collaborative Research: Exploring Adaptive Social Networks in the Face of Geographic Adversity

合作研究：探索地理逆境下的自适应社交网络

• 批准号: 1355374
• 负责人: Barbara Mills
• 金额: $ 11.33万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-03-01 至 2018-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1355374&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Exploring; Adaptive; Social

The fundamental goal of this research is an understanding of how traditional groups maintain and adapt social ties over time and across large geographic areas in spite of their low population density and changing natural environment. The research is focused in the United States Southwest where significant long-term environmental changes set the scene for observing societal network changes over time. Improved understanding of how historic societies adapted provides insight into how modern-day traditional societies might adapt and maintain their own social networks. With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Barbara Mills and Dr. Jeffery Clark will collaborate with a team of researchers to look at the dynamics of social and spatial networks in the archaeology of the Chaco region of the U.S. Southwest. The research team will combine social network analysis and geographic information systems to analyze ceramic, lithic, and architectural data in the Chaco region. Chaco Canyon World Heritage Site is at the spatial center of what has been called the "Chaco World" during the 10th to early 12th centuries, and contains a concentration of architectural features known as great houses and great kivas. How it came to prominence and the social relationship of the central canyon to contemporaneous communities are enduring archaeological questions of broad interest. The research builds on a considerable amount of past research in the Chaco region by compiling a new dataset integrating architectural and material culture data from within and outside Chaco Canyon. The database will add to the Chaco World database at the Chaco Research Archive and ceramic and lithic data for the post-A.D. 1200 period from the Southwest Social Networks Project. New ceramic analyses of existing collections and obsidian provenance analyses will augment data from published and unpublished reports. These data will be used to address the following questions: (1) How were Chaco great houses related to each other? (2) Were Pueblo Bonito and other Chaco Canyon great houses socially central in the regional network? (3) How did trajectories of great house and great kiva social networks change over time? And (4) how did great houses and great kivas relate to their surrounding communities of small houses? Recent research has suggested the need to analyze data from throughout the region, without assuming it was an integrated system, to better understand the ways in which great house communities were connected to each other and the central canyon. The research has the potential to resolve several questions currently being raised in many archaeological regions, not just Chaco. These include the relationship of hierarchy and centrality, and the role of specific historical processes such as migration, social diversification, and inequality in non-state societies. The broader impacts of this research include: (1) collaboration with the Chaco Research Archive to provide updates to the Chaco World Database; (2) creation of a new database that integrates artifact data on great houses, great kivas, and selected outlier communities; (3) public talks to interested audiences throughout the region; (4) a special issue of the magazine, Archaeology Southwest, which is widely used for public outreach and in classrooms; (5) a series of journal articles; and (6) training of graduate students in the application of social network analysis to archaeological datasets.

这项研究的基本目标是了解传统群体如何随着时间的流逝以及大型地理区域的维持和适应社会联系，尽管人口密度低和自然环境变化。这项研究集中在美国西南部，那里的长期环境变化为观察社会网络随着时间而变化的局面奠定了基础。对历史社会如何适应的理解有了深入的了解，可以洞悉现代传统社会如何适应和维护自己的社交网络。在国家科学基金会的支持下，芭芭拉·米尔斯（Barbara Mills）博士和杰弗里·克拉克（Jeffery Clark）博士将与一群研究人员合作，研究美国西南部查科地区考古学中社会和空间网络的动态。研究团队将结合社交网络分析和地理信息系统，以分析查科地区的陶瓷，岩性和建筑数据。 Chaco Canyon世界遗产位于10至12世纪初所谓的“ Chaco World”的空间中心，并包含一系列被称为大型房屋和大型基瓦斯的建筑特征。如何出现，中央峡谷与同时代社区的社会关系持续了广泛关注的考古问题。这项研究是建立在查科地区大量研究的基础上，通过编译新的数据集，该数据集从查科峡谷内外整合建筑和物质文化数据。该数据库将在Chaco Research Archive以及Post-A.D的Chaco Research Archive以及Ceramic and Melthic数据中添加到Chaco World数据库中。西南社交网络项目的1200个时期。对现有收藏品和黑曜石出处分析的新陶瓷分析将增强已发表和未发表报告的数据。这些数据将用于解决以下问题：（1）Chaco Great Houses如何相互关系？ （2）Pueblo Bonito和其他Chaco Canyon Great Houses在区域网络中的社会核心是吗？ （3）大房子和大型基瓦社交网络的轨迹会随着时间而变化？ （4）伟大的房屋和伟大的基瓦斯与周围小房子的社区有何关系？最近的研究表明，有必要分析整个地区的数据，而不假设它是一个集成系统，以更好地了解大型房屋社区相互联系的方式和中央峡谷的方式。这项研究有可能解决目前在许多考古地区提出的几个问题，而不仅仅是查科。其中包括等级制度和中心性的关系，以及非国家社会中的迁移，社会多元化和不平等等特定历史过程的作用。这项研究的更广泛影响包括：（1）与Chaco Research Archive合作，为Chaco World数据库提供更新； （2）创建一个新的数据库，该数据库将大型房屋，伟大的基瓦斯和选定离群社区的人工制品数据集成在一起； （3）公众与整个地区感兴趣的观众进行对话； （4）该杂志《西南考古学》的特刊，该杂志广泛用于公共外展和教室； （5）一系列期刊文章； （6）培训研究生在将社交网络分析应用于考古数据集中。