Peasant Politics in Global Arenas

全球舞台上的农民政治

• 批准号: 0107491
• 负责人: Marc Edelman
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: CUNY Hunter College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-07-15 至 2004-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0107491&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Peasant; Politics; Global; Arenas

In diverse world regions such as the Americas, Europe and South Asia, free-market policies have forced small-scale farmers to transform their productive strategies or face economic ruin. Peasant and small-farmer organizations that once were oriented almost exclusively toward national-level efforts to obtain local-level benefits are now increasingly seeking allies across national borders, attempting to affect global forces which impact their rural livelihoods. In some cases this has resulted in violent actions such as the French peasants' destruction of a McDonalds restaurant in a protest against "fast food"; and Indian farmers burning a field of genetically modified cotton as a protest against agribusiness. This anthropological project studies a new international peasant and small farmer organization called Via Campesina, or Peasant Road, which was founded in 1993 and has affiliates in about sixty countries. The project will interview small farmer activists and donor NGO personnel in five sites: Brussels, the headquarters of the European peasant confederation; Saskatoon, Canada, where the network's Technical Secretariat is based; Tegucigalpa, Honduras, headquarters of the network's Organizational Secretariat; Managua, Nicaragua, the base of a Central American small farmers' network that helped found the Peasant Road; and Bangalore, India, home of one of the most active of the network's constituent organizations. In each site the interviews and analysis of documentary materials will focus on the political formation of activist individuals, the histories of organizational consolidation, and the mobilization of resources and alliances. The project will examine what movements defending economically marginal constituencies gain and lose by forming part of global civil society, as well as how new varieties of transnational politics have shaped peasant and small farmer identities, both within the agriculturist organizations and in relation to their NGO backers and antagonists. The new knowledge generated by this proposal will advance our understanding of how comparable grass-roots and global organizations function.

在美洲、欧洲和南亚等世界不同地区，自由市场政策迫使小农改变生产策略，否则将面临经济崩溃。 曾经几乎完全致力于国家层面的努力以获取地方层面利益的农民和小农组织现在越来越多地寻求跨国界的盟友，试图影响影响其农村生计的全球力量。 在某些情况下，这导致了暴力行为，例如法国农民破坏麦当劳餐厅以抗议“快餐”；印度农民焚烧了一块转基因棉花，以抗议农业综合企业。该人类学项目研究了一个名为“Via Campesina”或“农民之路”的新国际农民和小农组织，该组织成立于 1993 年，在约 60 个国家设有分支机构。 该项目将在五个地点采访小农积极分子和捐助非政府组织人员：布鲁塞尔，欧洲农民联合会总部；加拿大萨斯卡通，该网络的技术秘书处所在地；洪都拉斯特古西加尔巴，该网络组织秘书处总部；尼加拉瓜马那瓜，中美洲小农网络的基地，帮助建立了农民之路；印度班加罗尔是该网络最活跃的组成组织之一的所在地。在每个站点中，对文献材料的采访和分析将集中于活动人士的政治形成、组织整合的历史以及资源和联盟的动员。该项目将研究通过成为全球公民社会的一部分来捍卫经济边缘选民的运动会获得和失去什么，以及新型跨国政治如何在农业组织内部以及与其非政府组织支持者的关系中塑造农民和小农的身份和对手。该提案产生的新知识将增进我们对可比较的基层组织和全球组织如何运作的理解。