Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Role of Sovereignty and Indigeneity Assertions in Claims to Oil Extraction Rights

博士论文研究：主权和本土主张在石油开采权主张中的作用

• 批准号: 1355717
• 负责人: Marc Edelman
• 金额: $ 1.77万
• 依托单位: CUNY Graduate School University Center
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-06-01 至 2015-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1355717&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Role; Sovereignty

CUNY Graduate Center doctoral candidate James J. A. Blair, supervised by Dr. Marc Edelman, will examine how individuals identified with colonial settlement assert claims of sovereignty and indigeneity to gain rights to extractable resources. The research is focused on the British settlers of the Falkland Islands (in Spanish, Malvinas), as they construct themselves as natives through new forms of governance over hydrocarbon resources. Thirty years after the 1982 military conflict that cemented the South Atlantic archipelago's British status, oil has been discovered near the islands, and Argentina has renewed its sovereignty claim. In response, the island's settlers held a referendum on self-determination in which 99.8% voted to remain British. The project thus investigates how the settlers are trying to reinvent themselves as a group of community-based natural resource managers, through a narrative of indigeneity that selectively reinforces Western norms and values.To understand how the settlers are reinventing themselves as natives with resource rights, Blair will analyze: (1) how debates around infrastructure are forming new local power relations; (2) how the dispute orients experts assessing environmental impact; and (3) how the islanders are packaging self-determination as a sign of stability for oil partners. Research incorporates observations and interviews with planners, scientists, townspeople, migrants and shepherds in the islands, as well as defected islanders and protest groups in Argentina. Through analysis of colonial reports, Blair will consider how the present moment is an outcome of historical relations of resource governance. This project is uniquely positioned to apply an anthropological approach to geopolitics. Sovereignty disputes over mineral-rich island chains have intensified during the global energy crisis. But many of these territories are uninhabited. Blair will contribute an anthropological perspective to emerging geopolitical constellations, by conducting research on a disputed archipelago that is populated. Committed to the aims of public anthropology, Blair has an on-going affiliation with The Economist, which will allow him to disseminate his findings widely.

纽约市立大学研究生中心博士生詹姆斯·J·A·布莱尔 (James J. A. Blair) 在马克·埃德尔曼 (Marc Edelman) 博士的指导下，将研究那些被认定为殖民定居点的个人如何主张主权和原住民权利，以获得可开采资源的权利。这项研究的重点是福克兰群岛（西班牙语，马尔维纳斯群岛）的英国定居者，因为他们通过对碳氢化合物资源的新形式治理将自己塑造为当地人。 1982 年军事冲突巩固了南大西洋群岛的英国地位，三十年后，在该群岛附近发现了石油，阿根廷重新提出了主权主张。作为回应，岛上的定居者举行了关于自决的公投，其中 99.8% 的人投票支持留在英国。因此，该项目调查了定居者如何通过有选择地强化西方规范和价值观的原住民叙事，试图将自己重塑为一群以社区为基础的自然资源管理者。为了了解定居者如何将自己重塑为拥有资源权利的当地人，布莱尔将分析：（1）围绕基础设施的争论如何形成新的地方权力关系； （2）争议如何引导专家进行环境影响评估； (3) 岛民如何将自决作为石油伙伴稳定的标志。研究内容包括对岛屿规划者、科学家、城镇居民、移民和牧羊人以及阿根廷叛逃岛民和抗议团体的观察和采访。通过对殖民报告的分析，布莱尔将考虑当前时刻是资源治理历史关系的结果。该项目具有独特的定位，可以将人类学方法应用于地缘政治。全球能源危机期间，围绕矿产丰富的岛链的主权争端愈演愈烈。但其中许多领土无人居住。布莱尔将对一个有人居住的争议群岛进行研究，为新兴的地缘政治格局贡献人类学视角。布莱尔致力于公共人类学的目标，与《经济学人》保持着持续的联系，这将使他能够广泛传播他的发现。