Doctoral Dissertation Research: Indigenous Claims for Recognition in a Transborder Context

博士论文研究：跨境背景下土著人对承认的要求

• 批准号: 1423753
• 负责人: Marc Edelman
• 金额: $ 1.98万
• 依托单位: CUNY Graduate School University Center
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-15 至 2016-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1423753&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Indigenous; Claims

Territorial recognition claims by indigenous groups have posed new challenges in a range of areas, such as the delivery of health care, community policing, veteran affairs, environmental and business rights. Contemporary scientific studies of these communities are struggling to explain how the members of these indigenous groups negotiate the various legal and political frameworks of the different territorial, municipal, regional, and state authorities within which they overlap. This project, which trains a graduate student in how to conduct rigorous, empirically-grounded scientific fieldwork, explores how these communities engage in territorial recognition when it bridges the borders of nation-states, a level of complexity that has hitherto not been significantly investigated. Rocio Gil Martinez de Escobar, under the supervision of Dr. Marc Edelman of the City University of New York Graduate Center, explores the production and reproduction of Mascogo-Seminole sovereignty across the Mexico-United States border. Using a range of ethnographic methods of data collection and analysis including participant observation, oral history, and interviews, the project examines the strategic negotiations of the Mascogo-Seminole people with Mexico and the United States to achieve dual citizenship and to freely cross the international border. This case sheds light on the historical production of the Mexico-US border in the region of Texas-Coahuila through the particular lens of indigeneity, race, and ethnicity. It looks at the ways through which competing forms of racial and ethnic classification, as defined by two very different states, historically produce peoples in the borderlands. It offers a view into struggles of people divided by international borders and the possibilities of alternative practices of sovereignty that transcend nation-states: forms of transborder political organization, identification, flow of economic resources, etc. Finally, this research sheds light on the mechanisms through which ideas about race and indigeneity, and the rights attached to them, are established in the borderlands and how this may influence the political and legal practices of both nation-states. As such, in addition to providing funding for the training of a graduate student in anthropology, the project would provide data useful to policymakers and planners interested into the formulation and reform of border policy.

土著群体提出的领土承认要求在医疗保健、社区治安、退伍军人事务、环境和商业权利等一系列领域提出了新的挑战。对这些社区的当代科学研究正在努力解释这些土著群体的成员如何谈判他们重叠的不同领土、市、地区和州当局的各种法律和政治框架。该项目培训一名研究生如何进行严格的、以经验为基础的科学实地考察，探讨这些社区在跨越民族国家边界时如何进行领土承认，这种复杂程度迄今为止尚未得到充分研究。罗西奥·吉尔·马丁内斯·德·埃斯科瓦尔在纽约城市大学研究生中心马克·埃德尔曼博士的指导下，探索了墨西哥-美国边境马斯科戈-塞米诺尔主权的生产和复制。该项目采用一系列数据收集和分析的民族志方法，包括参与观察、口述历史和访谈，研究了马斯科戈-塞米诺尔人与墨西哥和美国的战略谈判，以实现双重国籍和自由跨越国际边界。该案例通过原住民、种族和族裔的特殊视角，揭示了德克萨斯州科阿韦拉州地区墨西哥与美国边境的历史生产。它着眼于由两个截然不同的国家定义的种族和民族分类的竞争形式在历史上如何在边境地区产生人民。它提供了对被国际边界划分的人们的斗争以及超越民族国家的主权替代实践的可能性的看法：跨国政治组织的形式、身份认同、经济资源的流动等。最后，这项研究揭示了机制通过这些观念，关于种族和原住民及其所附权利的观念在边境地区得以确立，以及这如何影响两个民族国家的政治和法律实践。因此，除了为人类学研究生的培训提供资金外，该项目还将为对边境政策的制定和改革感兴趣的政策制定者和规划者提供有用的数据。