Measles: A Global History

麻疹：全球历史

基本信息

批准号：
10578623
负责人：
Elena Christine Conis
金额：
$ 5万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2023
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2023-01-01 至 2025-12-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10578623
关键词：
Advocate Affect African Age Animals Appearance Archival Collection Archives Award Back Belief Biologic Characteristic Books Childhood Clinical Collection Communicable Diseases Conceptions Contracts Databases Development Digital Libraries Disease Economic Factors Economics Effectiveness Epidemic Epidemiology Geography Government Health Income Index Medicus Length Literature Location Manuscripts Measles Measles Vaccine Medical Medicine Medieval History Modernization Monograph Ontology Outcome Paper Pattern Perception Periodicals Policies Policy Maker Politics Public Health Publishing Quarantine Race Recording of previous events Records Reporting Research Research Methodology Research Project Grants Rest Role Schools Scientist Scourge Series Severities Shapes Smallpox Source Symbolism Technology Time Urbanization Vaccination Vaccines Viral Virus War Work Writing base commercialization coronavirus disease digital global health human disease programs social

项目摘要

Measles: A Global History Project Summary Measles is caused by a notably stable virus and has been vaccine preventable since the 1960s, following commercialization of the first effective measles vaccine in the U.S. But after the first several years—and then decades—of measles vaccination, U.S. medical and public health experts began to remark on how distinctly vaccination was changing measles's epidemiology, altering the geographic, racial, age, and income groups most and least affected by the disease. This oft- made observation, however, overlooked measles' long history. Extant for thousands of years, measles had always been shaped by the times and places in which it made its appearance. Urbanization, colonization, trade, war, schooling patterns, treatment, and other social, cultural, political, scientific, and economic factors shaped and reshaped measles over and over, changing it from epidemic to endemic to eliminated and back again, from “severe” to “mild” and vice versa, and from a universal scourge to a commonplace feature of childhood. In the era of modern biomedicine, measles has repeatedly been described as one of the deadliest and most contagious diseases, as well as one of the most eradicable—a scientific belief resting on assumptions about measles' stability that are in fact a small part of its centuries-long story. This project will construct a global history of measles by following the disease from medieval Islamic clinical descriptions to contemporary battles over its elimination. The project has three specific aims. First, it will produce the first book on the global history of measles, with a focus on how conceptions and perceptions of measles rooted in space and time have long made measles both a stable and dynamic illness. Second, it will analyze measles' historical roles in the emergence and development of what is now called global health. Third, it will examine and elucidate measles' practical and symbolic historical significance in efforts to manage other infectious diseases over time, from smallpox to COVID. The book will be published by Polity Press and written for an audience of academics, policymakers, advocates, and the public. Research methods for this historical project include both secondary source synthesis and primary source location and analysis. The project draws on a broad secondary literature on the histories of infectious disease, epidemics, medicine, and global health. Its primary source base consists of evidence from databases of periodicals, government reports, and scientific papers; digitally accessible documents, archives, and manuscript collections; and brick-and-mortar archival collections. These range from Index Medicus to the African Online Digital Library and from the records of the U.S. CDC to the archives of the WHO.

麻疹：全球历史项目概要麻疹是由一种非常稳定的病毒引起的，自 20 世纪 60 年代以来就可以通过疫苗预防，在美国第一个有效的麻疹疫苗商业化之后美国医学和公共卫生专家称，麻疹疫苗接种已持续数年甚至数十年开始评论疫苗接种如何明显改变麻疹的流行病学，改变受该疾病影响最大和最小的地理、种族、年龄和收入群体。然而，我们的观察忽视了麻疹已经存在了数千年的历史。麻疹总是受到其出现的时间和地点的影响。城市化、殖民化、贸易、战争、教育模式、待遇和其他社会、文化、政治、科学和经济因素一遍又一遍地塑造和重塑麻疹，改变着从流行到地方性再到消灭再回来，从“重度”到“轻度”等反之亦然，从普遍的祸害变成了童年时代的普遍现象。现代生物医学，麻疹多次被描述为最致命、最严重的疾病之一传染病，也是最可根除的疾病之一——基于的科学信念关于麻疹稳定性的假设实际上只是其数百年历史的一小部分。该项目将通过追踪中世纪的麻疹疾病来构建全球麻疹史该项目对当代消除它的斗争进行了伊斯兰临床描述。首先，它将出版第一本关于全球麻疹历史的书，重点是根植于空间和时间的对麻疹的概念和认知是如何长期形成麻疹的其次，它将分析麻疹在疾病中的历史作用。第三，它将审视和发展现在所谓的全球健康。阐明麻疹在管理其他疾病方面的实际和象征性历史意义随着时间的推移，从天花到新冠肺炎的传染病这本书将由Polity出版。为学者、政策制定者、倡导者和公众读者出版和撰写。这个历史项目的研究方法包括二手资料综合和该项目借鉴了广泛的二手文献。传染病、流行病、医学和全球健康的历史。包括来自期刊数据库、政府报告和科学论文的证据；可数字访问的文档、档案和手稿收藏；档案馆藏包括《医学索引》和《非洲在线数字图书馆》。从美国疾病预防控制中心的记录到世界卫生组织的档案。