Enhancing Child Cognitive and Brain Health through Physical Activity Training

通过体育活动训练增强儿童认知和大脑健康

• 批准号: 8877573
• 负责人: CHARLES H HILLMAN
• 金额: $ 59.15万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-04-01 至 2016-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8877573
• 关键词: Academic achievement; Achievement; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Aerobic; Animal Experimentation; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain imaging; Brain region; Cardiovascular Diseases; Child; Child health care; Chronic Disease; Cognition; Cognitive; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Databases; Developed Countries; Development; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Elderly; Etiology; Event; Exhibits; Functional Imaging; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Health; Health Status; Hippocampus (Brain); Human; Illinois; Individual; Institutes; International; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Investigation; Knowledge; Laboratories; Learning; Literature; Longevity; Longitudinal Studies; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Memory; Molecular; Multiple Sclerosis; Nature; Neurocognitive; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurosciences; Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus; Overweight; Parkinson Disease; Performance; Physical activity; Population; Prevalence; Process; Public Health; Randomized; Randomized Controlled Trials; Research; Resolution; Rest; School-Age Population; Schools; Series; Structure; Students; System; Task Performances; Testing; Time; Training; Universities; Waiting Lists; Youth; achievement test; base; behavior measurement; bioimaging; brain volume; cognitive function; cognitive neuroscience; cognitive process; executive function; experience; fitness; gray matter; imaging system; improved; improved functioning; indexing; interest; lifestyle factors; neuroimaging; physical conditioning; professor; programs; relating to nervous system; relational memory; sedentary; trend; white matter

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long term objective of this project is to develop an understanding of lifestyle factors that influence the cognitive and brain health of children while also reducing the sedentary nature of today's youth. Previous research conducted by our research team and others has found that physical activity interventions can enhance both a variety of aspects of cognition and brain structure and function of children, older adults, and individuals with neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis. More specifically, in our research with children we have found that higher fit children possess larger hippocampi which in turn are related to better relational memory than their lower fit counterparts. We have also observed that higher fit children exhibit more efficient executive control as indicated by performance measures and event-related brain potentials. While intriguing, these cross-sectional data do not enable us to establish causality between physical activity and cognition. In the current proposal we substantially extend this previous research by examining the influence of a 9 month randomized controlled afterschool physical activity program on cognition and brain health. Cognition will be assessed with a battery of tasks and standardized achievement tests both before and after the 9 month intervention in the activity group and a wait list control (who will receive the intervention the following year). Children will also participate in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sessions both before and after the intervention (and at comparable times for the wait list control). In these sessions we will measure both structural aspects of the brain including regional volumes of gray matter and the integrity of the white matter tracts (through diffusion tensor imaging) and functional aspects of brain function using fMRI activity recorded as the children perform a series of executive control and memory tasks. We anticipate, based on our cross-sectional studies with children and our previous longitudinal studies with older adults, that the children in the physical activity program will show both larger regional brain volumes, particularly in brain regions that subserve executive control and relational memory, and more efficient brain function, as indexed by task-related and resting state fMRI. Furthermore, we anticipate that these changes will be accompanied by improvements in memory and executive control processes. Given recent trends identifying decreased levels of physical activity and health status in preadolescents, the understanding of the potential benefits of physical activity on cognition is of great interest. It s imperative that factors positively influencing cognitive function of children be examined to maximize health and effective functioning of individuals as they progress through the lifespan.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的长期目标是对影响儿童认知和大脑健康的生活方式因素的理解，同时还降低了当今青年的久坐性。我们的研究团队和其他人进行的先前研究发现，体育活动干预措施可以增强儿童，老年人以及患有神经退行性疾病（例如帕金森氏病）和多发性硬化症的儿童，老年人以及患有神经退行性疾病的患者的各种方面。更具体地说，在我们与孩子的研究中，我们发现较高的拟合儿童具有更大的海马，这反过来又与比起较低的拟合物相比，与更好的关系记忆有关。我们还观察到，较高拟合的儿童表现出更有效的执行控制，如绩效指标和事件相关的大脑电位所表明的。在吸引人的同时，这些横截面数据并不能使我们能够在体育锻炼和认知之间建立因果关系。在当前的提案中，我们通过检查了一个9个月的随机对照后体育活动计划对认知和脑健康的影响，从而实质上扩展了这项先前的研究。认知将通过一系列任务和标准化的成就测试进行评估，包括在活动组进行9个月干预和等待名单控制（他们将在第二年接受干预）。孩子们会 在干预之前和之后（以及在等待列表控制的可比时间），还参与磁共振成像（MRI）会话。在这些会话中，我们将既测量大脑的结构性方面，包括灰质的区域卷和白质区域的完整性（通过扩散张量成像）和大脑功能的功能方面，使用fMRI活性记录为儿童进行一系列执行控制和内存任务。我们预计，根据我们对儿童的横断面研究以及以前与老年人的纵向研究，他们的身体活动计划中的孩子 将显示较大的区域大脑量，尤其是在提供执行控制和关系记忆的大脑区域，以及更有效的大脑功能，这是由任务相关和静止状态fMRI所索引的。此外，我们预计这些变化将伴随着记忆和执行控制过程的改进。鉴于最新的趋势鉴定出降低的体育活动和健康状况的降低，因此对体育活动对认知的潜在益处的理解引起了人们的极大兴趣。必须检查对儿童认知功能积极影响的因素，以最大程度地利用个人在整个生命周期中发展的健康和有效的功能。