General Purpose Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) System

通用脑机接口（BCI）系统

• 批准号: 8131412
• 负责人: GERWIN SCHALK
• 金额: $ 47.97万
• 依托单位: WADSWORTH CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-20 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8131412
• 关键词: Achievement; Address; Algorithms; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Area; Base of the Brain; Beta Rhythm; Biocompatible; Biomedical Engineering; Brain; Brain Stem Infarctions; Caregivers; Cerebral Palsy; Chronic; Clinical; Communication; Computer software; Development; Disabled Persons; Discipline; EP300 gene; Electrocorticogram; Electrodes; Environment; Evaluation; Evoked Potentials; Family; Family Caregiver; Generations; Goals; Grant; Home environment; Human; Intensive Care Units; Internet; Laboratories; Life; Location; Mails; Methods; Motor; Movement; Mus; Muscle; Neuromuscular Diseases; Paralysed; Performance; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Safety; Signal Transduction; Spinal cord injury; Staging; Structure; Sum; System; Technology; Telemetry; Testing; Time; Translations; Validation; Wheelchairs; Word Processing; Work; Writing; base; brain computer interface; computerized data processing; design; disability; flexibility; implantation; improved; multidisciplinary; neuromuscular; neuroprosthesis; operation; programs; prototype; public health relevance; research and development; research clinical testing; robotic device; transmission process; two-dimensional

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Signals from the brain can provide non-muscular communication and control channels, or brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), to people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), brainstem stroke, cerebral palsy, or spinal cord injury. BCIs can allow people who are severely paralyzed, or even "locked in," to use brain signals to write, communicate with others, control their environments, access the Internet, or operate neuroprostheses. The realization of clinically useful BCI systems requires work in three areas: (1) acquisition of brain signals; (2) signal processing; and (3) clinical implementation. Because these areas involve very different disciplines, research groups usually focus on only one area. Thus, at the beginning of this BRP, despite the exciting achievements of researchers around the world, the field had progressed only to the point of laboratory demonstrations, in large part because achievements in one area were not integrated with those in others. In the past grant period, this BRP changed that landscape. First, it developed and disseminated to more than 160 research groups a general-purpose BCI software platform, called BCI2000, that facilitates all aspects of interdisciplinary BCI research and development, from laboratory to home. Furthermore, it used BCI2000 to develop the first BCI system designed for independent home use, and successfully tested this prototype in long-term home use by a small group of people severely disabled by ALS. Building on this work, the goal of this renewal proposal is to establish the first vertically-integrated BCI research and development program, and use it to produce BCI systems that are fully practical for independent use in clinical and home settings. The proposed program extends from signal acquisition, to signal processing, to application development and clinical implementation. By including and coordinating the activities and achievements in these different areas, this program will create and validate the first BCI systems suitable for widespread independent use by people with severe motor disabilities. Each BRP partner is in the forefront of one or more of the essential research areas, from hardware design to clinical testing. In limited ways, they already collaborate with one another. Working closely together and implementing new ideas, they will: (1) improve signal acquisition by developing more reliable, robust, and convenient chronic methods for recording electroencephalographic activity (EEG) and for exploring the BCI capabilities of electrocorticography (ECoG); (2) optimize adaptive feature extraction and translation algorithms for these signals; and (3) incorporate the results into BCI systems that are fully practical for home and clinical settings and establish the value of these systems for daily use by people with severe motor disabilities. By achieving these aims, disseminating the resulting technology, and providing other researchers access to its vertically-integrated framework, this BRP program should enable BCI research to produce BCIs that actually improve the lives of people with severe motor disabilities. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) can restore communication and control to people severely paralyzed or even "locked-in" by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), brainstem stroke, cerebral palsy, or other devastating neuromuscular disorders. The goal of this Bioengineering Research Partnership proposal is to establish the first comprehensive BCI research and development program and use it to produce the first BCI systems suitable for widespread independent home use by people with severe motor disabilities.

描述（由申请人提供）： 来自大脑的信号可以为肌萎缩侧索硬化症 (ALS)、脑干中风、脑瘫或脊髓损伤患者提供非肌肉通信和控制通道或脑机接口 (BCI)。脑机接口可以让严重瘫痪甚至“被锁定”的人使用大脑信号来书写、与他人交流、控制环境、访问互联网或操作神经假体。实现临床上有用的脑机接口系统需要在三个方面开展工作：（1）脑信号的采集； (2)信号处理； (3)临床实施。由于这些领域涉及非常不同的学科，研究小组通常只关注一个领域。因此，在本次BRP开始时，尽管世界各地的研究人员取得了令人兴奋的成就，但该领域仅进展到实验室演示的程度，这在很大程度上是因为一个领域的成就没有与其他领域的成就相结合。在过去的资助期内，这个 BRP 改变了这种情况。首先，它开发并向 160 多个研究小组分发了一个名为 BCI2000 的通用 BCI 软件平台，该平台促进了从实验室到家庭的跨学科 BCI 研究和开发的各个方面。此外，它还利用BCI2000开发了第一个专为独立家庭使用而设计的BCI系统，并成功测试了该原型机在一小群患有ALS严重残疾的人中长期家庭使用的情况。在这项工作的基础上，该更新提案的目标是建立第一个垂直整合的 BCI 研究和开发计划，并用它来生产完全实用的 BCI 系统，可在临床和家庭环境中独立使用。拟议的计划从信号采集延伸到信号处理，再到应用开发和临床实施。通过纳入和协调这些不同领域的活动和成就，该计划将创建并验证第一个适合严重运动障碍人士广泛独立使用的 BCI 系统。每个 BRP 合作伙伴都处于一个或多个重要研究领域的前沿，从硬件设计到临床测试。他们已经以有限的方式相互合作。他们紧密合作并实施新想法，将：(1) 通过开发更可靠、稳健和方便的长期方法来记录脑电图活动 (EEG) 和探索皮质脑电图 (ECoG) 的 BCI 功能，从而改善信号采集； (2)优化这些信号的自适应特征提取和翻译算法； (3) 将结果纳入完全适合家庭和临床环境的 BCI 系统，并确定这些系统对于严重运动障碍人士日常使用的价值。通过实现这些目标，传播由此产生的技术，并为其他研究人员提供其垂直整合框架的访问权限，该 BRP 计划应该使 BCI 研究能够产生真正改善严重运动障碍人士生活的 BCI。公共健康相关性 脑机接口 (BCI) 可以帮助那些因肌萎缩侧索硬化症 (ALS)、脑干中风、脑瘫或其他破坏性神经肌肉疾病而严重瘫痪甚至“锁定”的人恢复沟通和控制。该生物工程研究合作伙伴提案的目标是建立第一个全面的 BCI 研究和开发计划，并用它来生产第一个适合严重运动障碍人士在家庭中广泛独立使用的 BCI 系统。