Technology Research and Development Project 3 (Characterizing and Modifying Cortical Processes)

技术研发项目3（表征和修改皮质过程）

• 批准号: 10456338
• 负责人: GERWIN SCHALK
• 金额: $ 21.69万
• 依托单位: ALBANY RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-09-10 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10456338
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Anatomy; Area; Auditory; Behavior; Brain; Brain region; California; Clinical; Collaborations; Computing Methodologies; Dependence; Development; Devices; Diagnosis; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Disease; Effectiveness; Electric Stimulation; Electrical Stimulation of the Brain; Electrodes; Epilepsy; Functional Imaging; Funding; Gambling; Generations; Goals; Human; Individual; Knowledge; Lead; Location; Maps; Methods; Modality; Neurologic Effect; Parkinson Disease; Persons; Population; Process; Protocols documentation; Scientist; Site; Speech; Speech Perception; Stimulus; Stroke; Surface; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Universities; Variant; Work; base; conditioning; cortex mapping; design; disability; efficacy testing; imaging system; improved; learning strategy; nervous system disorder; neurophysiology; neurotechnology; new technology; novel; relating to nervous system; response; technology research and development

Neurological disorders affect millions of people in the United States and worldwide. Better understanding of the short-term changes and the persistent changes that result from precisely targeted electrical stimulation of brain networks can lead to novel technologies that improve diagnosis and treatment of these disorders. Intracranial recording/stimulation techniques using electrocorticographic (ECoG) electrodes on the brain surface and/or depth electrodes (stereoencephalography (SEEG)) provide a powerful method for spatially and temporally precise recording and stimulation, but current stimulation protocols are based largely on trial-and-error and thus are probably suboptimal. Taking optimal advantage of ECoG/SEEG requires the ability to design adaptive record- ing/stimulation protocols that induce specific beneficial changes in the brain processes underlying behavior. The work proposed here will address this need by creating a stimulation-based system that can map cortical/subcortical functional networks and can modulate these networks so as to restore brain function. TR&D3's long-term goal is to develop and iteratively optimize a new generation of adaptive neurotechnologies that can introduce predictable changes in brain networks, and to clinically test the efficacy of those technologies for alleviating the devastating effects of neurological disorders such as stroke. To achieve this goal, TR&D3 has two Specific Aims: Aim 1. To establish the short-term changes in network activity and resulting behavior that are produced by electrical stimulation. Aim 1 comprises two studies. The first study will use electrical stimulation to establish which and how brain networks are activated by electrical stimulation of specific locations. The second study will determine how input produced by electrical stimulation interacts with moment-by-moment variations in cortical excitability to produce population-level responses. Aim 2. To establish the persistent changes to network activity resulting from electrical stimulation. The first study will determine to what extent stimulus-induced changes modify behavior in the short term and the long-term. The second study will assess the dependence of these changes on stimulus amplitude. These two aims will produce a stimulation-based functional imaging system. To validate and optimize this novel system, TR&D3 will engage in two collaborative projects with scientists at the University of California (Berkeley) and at MIT. Together, these collaborations will establish the effectiveness and value of the new stimulation-based functional imaging system. By accomplishing these aims, TR&D3 should produce new understanding of how electrical stimulation produces short-term and persistent changes in brain function. It should also create a new clinical system that can map brain networks and can target specific beneficial changes in function. Thus, this work should increase scientific understanding and enhance treatment for a range of neurological disorders.

神经系统疾病会影响美国和全球数以百万计的人。更好地理解 短期变化和由精确靶向大脑的电刺激导致的持续变化 网络可以导致新技术，以改善这些疾病的诊断和治疗。 颅内记录/刺激技术使用脑表面上的电视学（ECOG）电极 和/或深度电子（立体镜学（SEEG））为空间和临时提供了强大的方法 精确记录和刺激，但是当前的刺激方案主要基于反复试验，因此 可能是次优。利用ECOG/SEEG的最佳优势需要设计自适应记录的能力 - ING/刺激方案在大脑过程中引起特定的好处变化。这 这里提出的工作将通过创建一个基于刺激的系统来满足这种需求，该系统可以映射皮质/皮层皮层 功能网络，可以调节这些网络以恢复大脑功能。 TR＆D3的长期目标是发展并迭代地优化新一代的自适应神经技术 可以引入大脑网络的可预测变化，并在临床上测试这些技术的有效性 减轻神经系统疾病（例如中风）的破坏性影响。为了实现这一目标，TR＆D3有两个 特定目的： 目的1。建立电气产生的网络活动和由此产生的行为的短期变化 刺激。 AIM 1包括两项研究。第一项研究将使用电刺激来确定哪些和 大脑网络如何通过对特定位置的电刺激激活。第二项研究将确定 电刺激产生的输入如何与皮质的逐矩变化相互作用 产生人群水平的反应。 目的2。建立对电刺激导致网络活动的持续变化。第一项研究 将确定刺激诱导的变化在多大程度上改变了短期和长期行为。 第二项研究将评估这些变化对刺激放大器的依赖性。 这两个目标将产生基于刺激的功能成像系统。验证和优化这本小说 系统，TR＆D3将与加利福尼亚大学（伯克利大学）的科学家进行两个合作项目 并在麻省理工学院。这些合作将共同确定新的基于刺激的有效性和价值 功能成像系统。 通过完成这些目标，TR＆D3应该对电气模拟的产生方式产生新的了解 大脑功能的短期和持续变化。它还应该创建一个可以映射的新临床系统 大脑网络并可以针对功能的特征有益的变化。这是这项工作应该增加科学的 了解和增强治疗一系列神经系统疾病。