Longitudinal Investigation of the Neurobiological Underpinnings of Risk Behavior in ADHD throughout the Adolescent Transition: The Key Role of Cognitive Control and Motivation Network Development

整个青少年过渡期 ADHD 风险行为的神经生物学基础的纵向调查：认知控制和动机网络发展的关键作用

• 批准号: 10597855
• 负责人: Jessica R Cohen
• 金额: $ 9.69万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2022-07-28 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10597855
• 关键词: Academic achievement; Achievement; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Affect; Age; Algorithms; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Markers; Brain; Brain imaging; Child; Childhood; Clinical; Complex; Data; Data Collection; Data Reporting; Development; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Early Diagnosis; Early identification; Education; Enrollment; Etiology; Family; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Goals; Healthcare; Heterogeneity; Impairment; Imprisonment; Individual; Individual Differences; Infrastructure; Intervention; Investigation; Justice; Knowledge; Lead; Literature; Longitudinal Studies; Modeling; Motivation; Neurobiology; Neurocognitive; Occupational; Outcome; Paper; Parents; Parietal; Participant; Pathway Analysis; Patient Self-Report; Pattern; Performance; Prevention; Process; Property; Publishing; Research; Rest; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Risk-Taking; Sampling; Savings; Severities; Societies; Subgroup; Substance abuse problem; Symptoms; Update; Work; Youth; addiction; adverse outcome; base; behavior test; biomarker development; cognitive control; cost; criminal behavior; developmental disease; early detection biomarkers; emotion regulation; executive function; experience; high risk; neurobehavioral; neuroimaging; novel; parent grant; relating to nervous system; response; substance use; symptomatology; targeted treatment; theories

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed developmental disorder of childhood, affecting ~9% of children nationwide. Although ADHD dramatically increases the risk for poor academic achievement, substance abuse and criminal behavior, particularly in adolescence, too little is known regarding how neurobiological developmental trajectories underlie these behavioral and clinical outcomes. This remains the case despite the importance of such work for earlier identification of risk factors, more targeted treatment models, and, in turn, education, juvenile justice, and healthcare savings for individuals, families, and society. The main goal of the parent grant, “Longitudinal investigation of the neurobiological underpinnings of risk behavior in ADHD throughout the adolescent transition: the key role of cognitive control and motivation network development” (R01MH119091), is to examine longitudinal neural, behavioral, and clinical trajectories of youth with ADHD from late childhood to mid-adolescence. We focus on neurobehavioral processes related to cognitive control, or executive function (EF), and motivation, as they have been identified as centrally important both to the etiology of ADHD and to the general increase in risk-taking behavior observed in typically developing (TD) adolescents. Notably, there is marked heterogeneity in terms of EF difficulties experienced by youth with ADHD. Youth with ADHD who experience EF difficulties are at higher risk of poorer outcomes than those without EF difficulties, regardless of severity of ADHD symptoms. Moreover, different components of EF differentially relate to outcomes. Specifically, youth with ADHD with deficits in updating have poor emotion regulation, while youth with ADHD with deficits in shifting have low academic achievement. Therefore, it is crucial to characterize longitudinal trajectories of distinct components of EF to identify youth with ADHD who are more at risk for future negative outcomes. Thus, in this supplement we propose to more thoroughly assess EF and to longitudinally characterize trajectories of functional brain network organization and multiple distinct EF components throughout the transition to adolescence in youth with ADHD and TD youth. We additionally propose to identify how these trajectories relate to adolescent outcomes. We achieve this by proposing an additional behavioral testing session for participants already enrolled in the parent study in which we administer a battery of EF tasks and assess academic achievement-related outcomes. By combining this new data collection with brain imaging, self-report, and parent-report data collected through the parent grant, we will achieve the following aims: 1) Characterize behavioral trajectories of distinct components of EF in ADHD throughout the transition to adolescence; 2) Characterize the relationship between trajectories of functional brain network organization and EF in adolescents with ADHD; and 3) Determine how outcomes differ based on trajectories of functional brain network organization and EF performance. Together, these findings will provide the groundwork that can lead to early identification and, ultimately, prevention of ADHD trajectories that are more likely to lead to adverse outcomes in adolescence.

项目摘要/摘要 注意缺陷/多动症（ADHD）是最常见的发育障碍 童年，影响全国9％的儿童。尽管多动症急剧增加了差的风险 学术成就，滥用药物和犯罪行为，尤其是在青少年敏感中，众所周知 考虑到这些行为和临床结果的神经生物学发育轨迹如何。这 尽管此类工作对于早期识别危险因素的重要性，但仍然是这样的情况 治疗模式，反过来，为个人，家庭和 社会。父母授予的主要目标是“神经生物学基础的纵向投资 在整个青少年过渡过程中，多动症的风险行为：认知控制和动机的关键作用 网络开发”（R01MH119091）是为了检查纵向神经，行为和临床轨迹 从童年后期到青春期的多动症青年。我们专注于与 认知控制或执行功能（EF）和动力，因为它们已被确定为中心重要 既归功 （TD）青少年。值得注意的是，在EF的困难经历方面，有明显的异质性 多动症。经历EF难度的ADHD的青年比没有 EF难度，无论多动症症状的严重程度如何。此外，EF的不同组成部分差异 与结果有关。特别是，具有更新的ADHD的年轻人的情绪调节差，而 患有多动症的年轻人在转移方面的定义成就较低。因此，表征至关重要 EF不同组成部分的纵向轨迹，以识别患有多动症的年轻人，他们面临未来的风险 负结果。在这种补充中，我们建议更彻底地评估EF和纵向 表征功能性大脑网络组织的轨迹和整个多种不同的EF组件 ADHD和TD青年青年的青少年过渡。我们还建议确定如何 轨迹与青少年结果有关。我们通过提出额外的行为测试会话来实现这一目标 对于已经参加了父母研究的参与者，我们管理了一系列EF任务和评估 与学术成就有关的结果。通过将这个新数据收集与脑成像相结合，自我报告， 以及通过父授予收集的父母报告数据，我们将实现以下目的：1）表征 在整个向青少年的过渡过程中，ADHD中EF不同成分的行为轨迹； 2） 表征功能性脑网络组织的轨迹与青少年的EF之间的关系 与多动症； 3）根据功能性脑网络组织的轨迹确定结果如何不同 和EF性能。这些发现将共同提供可能导致早期识别的基础 最终，预防ADHD轨迹更有可能导致青少年的广告结果。