Low-income mothers' and fathers' parenting practices and toddlers' self-regulation

低收入父母的养育方式和幼儿的自我调节

• 批准号: 10742570
• 负责人: Natasha J Cabrera
• 金额: $ 15万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-08-07 至 2025-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10742570
• 关键词: Academic achievement; Achievement; Address; Adult; Age; Assertiveness; Behavior; Books; Caregivers; Characteristics; Child; Child Development; Child Health; Child Rearing; Data; Data Set; Demographic Factors; Development; Disadvantaged; Discipline; Educational Status; Emotions; Exclusion; Exhibits; Family; Fathers; Funding; Gender; Goals; Happiness; Heterogeneity; Home; Household; Human; ICAM1 gene; Individual Differences; Infant; Informal Social Control; Intervention; Knowledge; Latinx; Low income; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mother-Child Relations; Mothers; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Nursery Schools; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Paternal Behavior; Pattern; Performance; Play; Population; Process; Punishment; Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Role; Sampling; Schools; Science; Social Development; Social Functioning; Source; Standardization; Stereotyping; Stress; Structure; Temperament; Testing; Thinking; Time; Toddler; Underrepresented Populations; adolescent health; dyadic interaction; early childhood; early experience; economic disparity; ethnic diversity; ethnic minority; father child interaction; improved; infancy; insight; intervention program; intervention refinement; minority children; peer; physical conditioning; protective factors; psychologic; skills; supportive environment; teacher; treatment effect

Project Summary (30 lines max) Across early childhood, children show great improvements in their self-regulation (SR: e.g., persisting on a task), which enables them to regulate their thoughts, behaviors, and emotionsm (McClelland et al., 2010). SR skills are critical for later academic achievement, mental and physical health (Robson et al., 2020). Researchers have observed individual differences as early as 4 (Kochanska & Knaack, 2003). As a group, children from low-income backgrounds are at greater risk for exhibiting poor SR (Wanless et al., 2011). Yet, many of these children perform as well as their wealthier peers on tests of SR (Raikes et al., 2007). One source of this variability is caregivers’ parenting behaviors, including the quality of parenting (sensitivity, intrusiveness and dyadic interaction) and parenting practices (compliance), predict SR (Bronfenbrenner & Morris, 2006). Highly sensitive parents who use gentle control (e.g., reasoning) and help their children regulate their emotions have stronger SR skills than parents who are intrusive, use more power- assertive compliance (e.g., threatening punishment), and do not help their children regulate their emotions (Kopystynska et al., 2016). However, with few exceptions, these studies have been primarily based on White middle-class mothers. Less is known about the parenting behaviors of low-income ethnic minority parents, particularly fathers, and how they are longitudinally related to SR. To address these gaps, this proposal examines the heterogeneity in low-income ethnic minority mothers’ and fathers’ levels and changes in parenting behaviors (quality of parenting and parenting practices) from 9 thru 30 months; (2) demographic and psychological predictors as well as treatment effects of changes in parenting behaviors; and (3) the associations between mothers’ and fathers’ change in parenting behaviors from 9 thru 30 months and toddlers’ SR at 24 and 30 months, controlling for demographic factors. The analytic sample consists low-income ethnic minority parents (N = 281) participating in the Baby Books 2 Project, a NICHD-funded RCT of a parenting intervention for first-time parents with infants. The levels and change in the quality of parent interactions and parenting practices will be assessed during a semi-structured task when children are 9 and 18 months. Toddlers’ SR performance and strategies during a snack-delay task will be assessed at 24 and 30 months. This research will inform normative patterns of development in underrepresented groups and mechanisms that intervention programs can target to support low-income ethnic minority children’s SR, which can help to narrow achievement-related gaps at school entry.

项目摘要（最多30行） 在整个童年时期，儿童的自我调节表现出很大的改善（SR：例如， 坚持执行任务），这使他们能够调节自己的思想，行为和情感 （McClelland等，2010）。 SR技能对于以后的学术成就，精神和 身体健康（Robson等，2020）。研究人员早期观察到个体差异 AS 4（Kochanska＆Knaack，2003年）。作为一个小组，来自低收入背景的孩子在 表现出较差SR的风险更大（Wanless等，2011）。但是，其中许多孩子的表现为 以及他们对SR测试的较富有的同行（Raikes等，2007）。这种可变性的一个来源是 照顾者的育儿行为，包括育儿的质量（敏感性，侵犯性和 二元互动）和育儿实践（合规性），预测SR（Bronfenbrenner＆Morris， 2006）。高度敏感的父母，他们使用温和的控制（例如推理）并帮助他们的孩子 调节他们的情绪比侵入性的父母具有更强的SR技能，使用更多的力量 - 自信的合规性（例如，威胁惩罚），没有帮助其子女 他们的情绪（Kopystynska等，2016）。但是，除少数例外，这些研究有 主要基于白人中产阶级母亲。关于育儿的知之甚少 低收入少数民族父母，尤其是父亲的行为，以及他们的生活 纵向与SR相关。为了解决这些差距，此提案考试的异质性 低收入少数民族母亲和父亲的水平以及育儿行为的变化 （育儿和育儿做法的质量）从9至30个月开始； （2）人口统计和 心理预测因素以及育儿行为变化的治疗效果； （3） 母亲和父亲与父母的育儿行为变化之间的关联从9至30 在24和30个月时，几个月和幼儿的SR，控制着人口统计学因素。分析 样本组成的低收入少数民族父母（n = 281）参加了婴儿书籍2 项目，是针对婴儿首次父母的育儿干预的NICHD资助的RCT。 父母互动质量和育儿实践的质量和变化将是 在儿童为9个月和18个月时，在半结构化任务中进行评估。幼儿的Sr 小吃延期任务期间的性能和策略将在24和30个月进行评估。这 研究将为代表性不足的群体和 干预计划可以针对支持低收入少数民族的机制 儿童SR，这可以帮助缩小与成就有关的差距。