Is There a Common Neural Mechanism for Self-Control?

是否存在共同的自我控制神经机制？

• 批准号: 7408475
• 负责人: Jessica R Cohen
• 金额: $ 2.96万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-24 至 2009-09-23
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7408475
• 关键词: Accounting; Adult; Anger; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral inhibition; Child; Clinical; Decision Making; Dependence; Development; Disease; Emotional; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gambling; Impairment; Impulsive Behavior; Impulsivity; Individual; Laboratories; Lead; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measures; Methods; Mood Disorders; Motor; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Performance; Personality Traits; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Questionnaires; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Research; Rewards; Right-On; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Risk-Taking; Running; Savings; Self-control as a personality trait; Stimulus; Substance abuse problem; System; Testing; Thinking; Tic disorder; Walking; base; cognitive system; discounting; emotion regulation; improved; neural circuit; neuromechanism; relating to nervous system; response; theories; trait; treatment planning

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): OBJECTIVE: A loss of self-control is a defining feature of substance abuse. However, there are many different types of self-control. For example, slamming on the brakes when a child runs in front of one's car, walking away from a successful poker game so as not to risk losing one's winnings, putting a paycheck into savings instead of spending it immediately, or suppressing anger so as to seem composed in a professional situation all require self-control in vastly different ways. Evidence suggests individuals with substance abuse may be deficient in each of these forms of self-control. In the laboratory, they have been shown to be deficient in motor inhibition tasks, behavioral choice tasks such as risk-taking and delaying gratification, and emotion regulation tasks that require inhibition of the "hot" emotional system to allow the "cool" cognitive system to make decisions. It is therefore possible that deficient self-control is a risk factor for developing substance abuse. Previous research has assumed all forms of self-control rely on a single neural mechanism involving the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC), yet this theory has not been directly tested. Thus, this proposal aims to reveal whether there is a single self-control system by directly relating both behavioral performance and neural activity in multiple tasks requiring different forms of self-control. METHOD: Both a behavioral and an fMRI study will be conducted in healthy adults relating performance on tasks in the four self-control domains mentioned above. Self-control ability on each task will be related to one another and to responses on self-report questionnaires probing impulsivity and risky behavior in both studies. The fMRI study will further explore whether there is overlap in the regions recruited during acts requiring self-control, specifically focusing on the rVLPFC, and whether behavioral performance relates to degree of rVLPFC involvement. It is hypothesized that a unitary self-control system will be noted, as indicated by related behavioral performance on all tasks and common rVLPFC involvement that increases relative to improved performance. RELEVANCE: This research will lead to an increased understanding of the nuances of successful self-control. This is crucial considering that a greater understanding of an intact self-control mechanism may lead to new treatments that efficiently target the self-control system and help individuals with disorders such as substance abuse and dependence that result from deficient self-control.

描述（由申请人提供）：目的：自我控制的丧失是药物滥用的定义特征。但是，有许多不同类型的自我控制。例如，当孩子在车前跑步，离开成功的扑克游戏时，猛烈抨击刹车，以免失去奖金，将薪水放入储蓄中而不是立即花费付款或抑制愤怒，以便在专业情况下似乎需要以极大的不同方式进行自我控制。有证据表明，滥用药物的人可能在每种形式的自我控制中都可能缺乏。在实验室中，已显示它们缺乏运动抑制任务，行为选择任务，例如冒险和延迟满足，以及需要抑制“热”情绪系统的情绪调节任务，以允许“酷”认知系统做出决策。因此，缺乏自我控制可能是发展滥用药物的危险因素。先前的研究假设各种形式的自我控制依赖于涉及右侧腹侧前额叶皮层（RVLPFC）的单个神经机制，但是该理论尚未直接测试。因此，该提案旨在通过直接将需要不同形式的自我控制形式的行为表现和神经活动直接关联来揭示是否存在单个自我控制系统。方法：将在健康成年人中进行行为和fMRI研究，该研究将上述四个自我控制领域的任务的表现相关联。每个任务上的自我控制能力将相互关联，并与两项研究中对冲动性和风险行为进行探测的自我报告问卷的回答。 fMRI研究将进一步探讨在需要自我控制的行为中招募的地区是否存在重叠，特别关注RVLPFC，以及行为绩效是否与RVLPFC参与程度有关。假设将注意一个统一的自我控制系统，如所有任务和常见的RVLPFC参与的相关行为表现所表明的，相对于改善的性能而增加。相关性：这项研究将使人们对成功自我控制的细微差别有更多的了解。考虑到对完整的自我控制机制有更深入的理解可能会导致有效地针对自我控制系统的新疗法，并帮助患有疾病滥用药物滥用和依赖性疾病的人，这是至关重要的，这是至关重要的。