Is There a Common Neural Mechanism for Self-Control?

是否存在共同的自我控制神经机制？

基本信息

批准号：
7408475
负责人：
Jessica R Cohen
金额：
$ 2.96万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2007-09-24 至 2009-09-23
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7408475
关键词：
Accounting Adult Anger Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Behavior Behavioral Behavioral inhibition Child Clinical Decision Making Dependence Development Disease Emotional Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Gambling Impairment Impulsive Behavior Impulsivity Individual Laboratories Lead Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measures Methods Mood Disorders Motor Participant Patient Self-Report Performance Personality Traits Pharmaceutical Preparations Population Prefrontal Cortex Questionnaires Recruitment Activity Relative (related person)Research Rewards Right-On Risk Risk Behaviors Risk Factors Risk-Taking Running Savings Self-control as a personality trait Stimulus Substance abuse problem System Testing Thinking Tic disorder Walking base cognitive system discounting emotion regulation improved neural circuit neuromechanism relating to nervous system response theories trait treatment planning

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): OBJECTIVE: A loss of self-control is a defining feature of substance abuse. However, there are many different types of self-control. For example, slamming on the brakes when a child runs in front of one's car, walking away from a successful poker game so as not to risk losing one's winnings, putting a paycheck into savings instead of spending it immediately, or suppressing anger so as to seem composed in a professional situation all require self-control in vastly different ways. Evidence suggests individuals with substance abuse may be deficient in each of these forms of self-control. In the laboratory, they have been shown to be deficient in motor inhibition tasks, behavioral choice tasks such as risk-taking and delaying gratification, and emotion regulation tasks that require inhibition of the "hot" emotional system to allow the "cool" cognitive system to make decisions. It is therefore possible that deficient self-control is a risk factor for developing substance abuse. Previous research has assumed all forms of self-control rely on a single neural mechanism involving the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (rVLPFC), yet this theory has not been directly tested. Thus, this proposal aims to reveal whether there is a single self-control system by directly relating both behavioral performance and neural activity in multiple tasks requiring different forms of self-control. METHOD: Both a behavioral and an fMRI study will be conducted in healthy adults relating performance on tasks in the four self-control domains mentioned above. Self-control ability on each task will be related to one another and to responses on self-report questionnaires probing impulsivity and risky behavior in both studies. The fMRI study will further explore whether there is overlap in the regions recruited during acts requiring self-control, specifically focusing on the rVLPFC, and whether behavioral performance relates to degree of rVLPFC involvement. It is hypothesized that a unitary self-control system will be noted, as indicated by related behavioral performance on all tasks and common rVLPFC involvement that increases relative to improved performance. RELEVANCE: This research will lead to an increased understanding of the nuances of successful self-control. This is crucial considering that a greater understanding of an intact self-control mechanism may lead to new treatments that efficiently target the self-control system and help individuals with disorders such as substance abuse and dependence that result from deficient self-control.

描述（由申请人提供）：目标：失去自我控制是药物滥用的一个明显特征。然而，自我控制有许多不同的类型。例如，当孩子跑到你的车前时猛踩刹车，从一场成功的扑克游戏中走开，以免失去奖金，将薪水存入储蓄而不是立即花掉，或者抑制愤怒，以便在职业场合中看似沉着的人都需要以截然不同的方式进行自我控制。有证据表明，药物滥用者可能在这些形式的自我控制方面都存在缺陷。在实验室中，它们被证明在运动抑制任务、行为选择任务（例如冒险和延迟满足）以及需要抑制“热”情绪系统以允许“冷”认知系统的情绪调节任务上存在缺陷做出决定。因此，自我控制能力不足可能是导致药物滥用的一个危险因素。先前的研究假设所有形式的自我控制都依赖于涉及右腹外侧前额叶皮层（rVLPFC）的单一神经机制，但这一理论尚未得到直接检验。因此，该提案旨在通过直接关联需要不同形式自我控制的多个任务中的行为表现和神经活动来揭示是否存在单一的自我控制系统。方法：将在健康成年人中进行行为和功能磁共振成像研究，以了解上述四个自我控制领域的任务表现。每项任务的自我控制能力将相互关联，并与两项研究中探讨冲动和危险行为的自我报告问卷的回答相关。 fMRI 研究将进一步探讨在需要自我控制的行为期间招募的区域是否存在重叠，特别是 rVLPFC，以及行为表现是否与 rVLPFC 参与程度相关。假设将注意到一个统一的自我控制系统，如所有任务的相关行为表现和共同的 rVLPFC 参与所表明的那样，rVLPFC 的参与相对于表现的改善而增加。相关性：这项研究将加深人们对成功自我控制的细微差别的理解。考虑到对完整的自我控制机制的更好理解可能会导致新的治疗方法，有效地针对自我控制系统，并帮助患有由于自我控制缺陷而导致的药物滥用和依赖性等疾病的个体，这一点至关重要。