Smart Miniaturized personal monitors for black carbon and multiple air pollutants

智能微型个人黑碳和多种空气污染物监测仪

• 批准号: 7921792
• 负责人: Steven N. Chillrud
• 金额: $ 5.41万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-08-15 至 2011-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7921792
• 关键词: Address; Adsorption; Adult; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Airborne Particulate Matter; Algorithms; Archives; Biomass; Carbon; Carbon Black; Cells; Characteristics; Child; Collection; Complex; Data; Dependence; Deposition; Detection; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Development; Environmental Risk Factor; Environmental Tobacco Smoke; Epidemiologic Studies; Exposure to; Gases; Generic Drugs; Genetic; Goals; Health; Home environment; Individual; Intervention; Laboratories; Left; Location; Maintenance; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Metric; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Optics; Ozone; Particulate; Particulate Matter; Pattern; Pilot Projects; Positioning Attribute; Problem Solving; Radio; Recruitment Activity; Reproducibility; Research Design; Research Personnel; Resolution; Risk Factors; Running; Sampling; Site; Sleep; Smoke; Source; Staging; Stream; Study Subject; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Trace metal; Wireless Technology; Wood material; Work; base; cooking; cost; design; detector; epidemiology study; flexibility; human disease; light weight; miniaturize; mortality; particle; pollutant; programs; prototype; research study; sensor; spatial temporal variation; trafficking; transmission process; vapor

DESCRIPTION (adapted from application): Assessing spatial and temporal variations in individual exposures to airborne particulate matter components that are representative of key local sources like diesel traffic is critical for advancing our understanding of the health effects of urban air pollution. Current methods of exposure assessment are too cumbersome, noisy and labor-intensive, and do not provide near-real time measurements of key analytes. the investigators propose to develop and test a miniature (palm size), quiet, rechargeable personal sampler that will (1) log in near real-time, time and space-resolved concentrations of black carbon (BC), (2) collect and archive time- and space-resolved PM samples for later laboratory analysis, (3) have one additional channel for use in chemo-optical analysis of a relevant gas or vapor, such as ozone, and (4) log location and activity data. The design goals for size, power, cost and quietness will permit wide use on most individuals, including young children, without disruption of normal activities. BC will be measured via an internal subminiature optical adsorption analysis of deposited particles. Spatial information will be provided by a miniature global position sensor (GPS) for outdoor locations and small home-/work-/car- placed radio beacons for key indoor locations. The unit will archive multiple time- and space-resolved particulate samples, for laboratory analysis via mass spectrometric and single particle techniques, to identify temporal-spatial patterns of exposure to particle sources and to a wide range of trace metals. The programmable miniature "smart" personal monitoring system will have the flexibility to be used in a wide range of sampling designs to assess spatial and temporal patterns of exposure. Development milestones will include designing, building and testing three progressively more advanced versions of the sampler. Version 1 will integrate a GPS sensor, but will lack real-time BC capabilities. Version 2 will incorporate a sampling wheel and optics to allow near real-time measurements of BC and will include development of a base unit that will operate as a battery re-charger and wireless data teleport, permitting continuous monitoring for up to a month without maintenance. To assess subject compliance, a button-size compliance/location sensor will also be built and tested at this stage. In Version 3 we will test the concept of incorporating ozone detection in near real-time on the third channel. Solar powered and/or large-battery-powered base units will also be designed for use in settings where access to the power grid is limited, such as in developing countries or for use at fixed-site outdoor locations lacking power. Laboratory and field experiments will be carried out iteratively during development to generate sensor algorithms, find improvements as well as estimate precision and accuracy via comparison to traditional real-time and integrative sampling methods of PM. The final smart air pollution monitor will incorporate upgrades suggested by the latest field-testing.

描述（根据应用程序改编）： 评估代表柴油流量等主要本地资源的空气颗粒物成分的个别暴露的空间和时间变化对于促进我们对我们对城市空气污染的健康影响的理解至关重要。当前的暴露评估方法太麻烦，嘈杂和劳动力密集，并且不提供关键分析物的近乎实际时间测量。 the investigators propose to develop and test a miniature (palm size), quiet, rechargeable personal sampler that will (1) log in near real-time, time and space-resolved concentrations of black carbon (BC), (2) collect and archive time- and space-resolved PM samples for later laboratory analysis, (3) have one additional channel for use in chemo-optical analysis of a relevant gas or vapor, such as ozone, and (4)日志位置和活动数据。大小，力量，成本和安静的设计目标将允许大多数人（包括幼儿）的广泛使用，而不会破坏正常活动。 BC将通过对沉积颗粒的内部smimiatiature光学吸附分析进行测量。空间信息将由一个微型全球位置传感器（GPS）提供，用于室外位置以及小型家庭/工作/汽车放置的无线电信标，用于关键的室内位置。该单元将通过质谱和单个粒子技术进行多个时间和空间分辨的颗粒样品来归档实验室分析，以识别暴露于粒子源的时间空间模式，并识别出粒子源的范围和广泛的痕量金属。可编程的微型“智能”个人监控系统将具有灵活性，可以在广泛的采样设计中使用，以评估曝光的空间和时间模式。开发里程碑将包括设计，构建和测试三个逐渐高级版本的采样器。版本1将集成GPS传感器，但将缺乏实时的BC功能。版本2将包含采样轮和光学元件，以允许对BC进行接近实时的测量，并包括开发一个基本单元，该基础单元将作为电池重新带有电池和无线数据传送，允许连续监视长达一个月，而无需维护。为了评估主题合规性，在此阶段还将建立和测试按钮尺寸的合规性/位置传感器。在版本3中，我们将测试第三个通道上接近实时将臭氧检测纳入臭氧检测的概念。太阳能电动和/或大型驱动的基本单元也将设计用于在访问电网有限的设置中，例如在发展中国家或用于缺乏电源的固定地点室外位置。在开发过程中将进行实验室和现场实验，以生成传感器算法，通过与传统的PM的实时和集成抽样方法进行比较，从而找到改进以及估计精度和准确性。最终的智能空气污染监视器将结合最新的现场测试提出的升级。