Smart Miniaturized personal monitors for black carbon and multiple air pollutants

智能微型个人黑碳和多种空气污染物监测仪

• 批准号: 7485240
• 负责人: Steven N. Chillrud
• 金额: $ 47.59万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-08-15 至 2011-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7485240
• 关键词: Address; Adsorption; Adult; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Airborne Particulate Matter; Algorithms; Archives; Biomass; Carbon Black; Cells; Characteristics; Child; Collection; Complex; Condition; Data; Dependence; Deposition; Detection; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Development; Disruption; Environmental Risk Factor; Environmental Tobacco Smoke; Epidemiologic Studies; Exposure to; Gases; Generic Drugs; Genetic; Goals; Health; Home environment; Individual; Intervention; Laboratories; Left; Location; Maintenance; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Metric; Monitor; Morbidity - disease rate; Optics; Ozone; Particulate; Particulate Matter; Pattern; Pilot Projects; Pliability; Positioning Attribute; Problem Solving; Radio; Range; Recruitment Activity; Reproducibility; Research Design; Research Personnel; Resolution; Risk Factors; Running; Sampling; Site; Sleep; Smoke; Source; Staging; Stream; Study Subject; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Trace metal; Wireless Technology; Wood material; Work; base; concept; cooking; cost; design; detector; epidemiology study; human disease; light weight; miniaturize; mortality; particle; pollutant; programs; prototype; research study; sensor; size; spatial temporal variation; trafficking; transmission process; vapor

DESCRIPTION (adapted from application): Assessing spatial and temporal variations in individual exposures to airborne particulate matter components that are representative of key local sources like diesel traffic is critical for advancing our understanding of the health effects of urban air pollution. Current methods of exposure assessment are too cumbersome, noisy and labor-intensive, and do not provide near-real time measurements of key analytes. the investigators propose to develop and test a miniature (palm size), quiet, rechargeable personal sampler that will (1) log in near real-time, time and space-resolved concentrations of black carbon (BC), (2) collect and archive time- and space-resolved PM samples for later laboratory analysis, (3) have one additional channel for use in chemo-optical analysis of a relevant gas or vapor, such as ozone, and (4) log location and activity data. The design goals for size, power, cost and quietness will permit wide use on most individuals, including young children, without disruption of normal activities. BC will be measured via an internal subminiature optical adsorption analysis of deposited particles. Spatial information will be provided by a miniature global position sensor (GPS) for outdoor locations and small home-/work-/car- placed radio beacons for key indoor locations. The unit will archive multiple time- and space-resolved particulate samples, for laboratory analysis via mass spectrometric and single particle techniques, to identify temporal-spatial patterns of exposure to particle sources and to a wide range of trace metals. The programmable miniature "smart" personal monitoring system will have the flexibility to be used in a wide range of sampling designs to assess spatial and temporal patterns of exposure. Development milestones will include designing, building and testing three progressively more advanced versions of the sampler. Version 1 will integrate a GPS sensor, but will lack real-time BC capabilities. Version 2 will incorporate a sampling wheel and optics to allow near real-time measurements of BC and will include development of a base unit that will operate as a battery re-charger and wireless data teleport, permitting continuous monitoring for up to a month without maintenance. To assess subject compliance, a button-size compliance/location sensor will also be built and tested at this stage. In Version 3 we will test the concept of incorporating ozone detection in near real-time on the third channel. Solar powered and/or large-battery-powered base units will also be designed for use in settings where access to the power grid is limited, such as in developing countries or for use at fixed-site outdoor locations lacking power. Laboratory and field experiments will be carried out iteratively during development to generate sensor algorithms, find improvements as well as estimate precision and accuracy via comparison to traditional real-time and integrative sampling methods of PM. The final smart air pollution monitor will incorporate upgrades suggested by the latest field-testing.

描述（根据应用程序改编）： 评估代表柴油交通等当地主要来源的空气颗粒物成分的个体暴露的空间和时间变化对于加深我们对城市空气污染对健康影响的理解至关重要。目前的暴露评估方法过于繁琐、噪音大且劳动强度大，并且不能提供关键分析物的近实时测量。研究人员建议开发和测试一种微型（手掌大小）、安静、可充电的个人采样器，该采样器将（1）记录近实时、时间和空间分辨的黑碳（BC）浓度，（2）收集和存档用于后续实验室分析的时间和空间分辨 PM 样品，(3) 具有一个附加通道，用于相关气体或蒸汽（例如臭氧）的化学光学分析，以及 (4) 记录位置和活动数据。尺寸、功率、成本和安静度的设计目标将允许大多数人（包括幼儿）广泛使用，而不会干扰正常活动。 BC 将通过沉积颗粒的内部超小型光学吸附分析进行测量。室外位置的空间信息将由微型全球定位传感器 (GPS) 提供，室内关键位置的小型家庭/工作/汽车无线电信标将提供空间信息。该装置将存档多个时间和空间分辨的颗粒样品，通过质谱和单颗粒技术进行实验室分析，以确定暴露于颗粒源和各种痕量金属的时空模式。可编程微型“智能”个人监测系统将能够灵活地用于各种采样设计，以评估暴露的空间和时间模式。开发里程碑将包括设计、构建和测试三个逐渐更高级的采样器版本。版本 1 将集成 GPS 传感器，但缺乏实时 BC 功能。第 2 版将包含采样轮和光学器件，以实现近乎实时的 BC 测量，并将包括开发一个基本单元，该基本单元将用作电池充电器和无线数据远程传输，允许连续监测长达一个月而无需维护。为了评估受试者的依从性，在此阶段还将构建并测试按钮大小的依从性/位置传感器。在版本 3 中，我们将测试在第三个通道上近乎实时地合并臭氧检测的概念。太阳能供电和/或大型电池供电的基本单元还将设计用于电网接入受限的环境，例如发展中国家或在缺乏电力的固定室外地点使用。在开发过程中将迭代进行实验室和现场实验，以生成传感器算法，通过与传统的实时和综合颗粒物采样方法进行比较来找到改进并估计精度和准确度。最终的智能空气污染监测仪将纳入最新现场测试建议的升级。