Smart Miniaturized personal monitors for black carbon and multiple air pollutants

智能微型个人黑碳和多种空气污染物监测仪

• 批准号: 7638931
• 负责人: Steven N. Chillrud
• 金额: $ 0.76万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-08-15 至 2011-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7638931
• 关键词: Adsorption; Adult; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Airborne Particulate Matter; Algorithms; Archives; Biomass; Carbon Black; Cells; Child; Collection; Condition; Data; Dependence; Deposition; Detection; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Development; Disruption; Environmental Tobacco Smoke; Epidemiologic Studies; Exposure to; Gases; Generic Drugs; Goals; Health; Home environment; Individual; Intervention; Laboratories; Left; Location; Maintenance; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Monitor; Optics; Ozone; Particulate; Pattern; Pilot Projects; Pliability; Positioning Attribute; Problem Solving; Radio; Range; Recruitment Activity; Reproducibility; Research Personnel; Resolution; Running; Sampling; Site; Sleep; Smoke; Source; Staging; Stream; Study Subject; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Trace metal; Wireless Technology; Wood material; Work; base; concept; cost; design; detector; miniaturize; particle; pollutant; programs; prototype; research study; sensor; size; spatial temporal variation; trafficking; transmission process; vapor

Assessing spatial and temporal variations in individual exposures to airborne particulate matter components that are representative of key local sources like diesel traffic is critical for advancing our understanding of the health effects of urban air pollution. Current methods of exposure assessment are too cumbersome, noisy and labor-intensive, and do not provide near-real time measurements of key analytes. We propose to develop and test a miniature (palm size), quiet, rechargeable personal sampler that will (1) log in near real-time, time- and space-resolved concentrations of black carbon (BC), (2) collect and archive time- and space-resolved PM samples for later laboratory analysis, (3) have one additional channel for use in chemo-optical analysis of a relevant gas or vapor, such as ozone, and (4) log location and activity data. Our design goals for size, power, cost and quietness will permit wide use on most individuals, including young children, without disruption of normal activities. BC will be measured via an internal subminiature optical adsorption analysis of deposited particles. Spatial information will be provided by a miniature global position sensor (GPS) for outdoor locations and small home-/work-/car- placed radio beacons for key indoor locations. The unit will archive multiple time- and space-resolved particulate samples, for lab analysis via mass spectrometric and single particle techniques, to identify temporal-spatial patterns of exposure to particle sources and to a wide range of trace metals. The programmable miniature "smart" personal monitoring system will have the flexibility to be used in a wide range of sampling designs to assess spatial and temporal patterns of expsoure. Development milestones will include designing, building and testing 3 progressively more advanced versions of the sampler. Version 1 will integrate a GPS sensor, but will lack real-time BC capabilities. Version 2 will incorporate a sampling wheel and otpics to allow near real-time measurements of BC and will include development of a base unit that will operate as a battery re-charger and wireless data teleport, permitting continuous monitoring for up to a month without maintenance. To assess subject compliance, a button-size compliance/location sensor will also be built and tested at this stage. In Version 3 we will test the concept of incorporating ozone detection in near real-time on the third channel,. Solar powered and/or large-battery-powered base units will also be designed for use in settings where access to the power grid is limited, such as in developing countries or for use at fixed-site outdoor locations lacking power. Laboratory and field experiments will be carried out iteratively during development to generate sensor algorithms, find improvements as well as estimate precision and accuracy via comparison to traditional real-time and integrative sampling methods of PM. The final smart air pollution monitor will incorporate upgrades suggested by the latest field-testing.

评估个人暴露于空气颗粒物的空间和时间变化 代表柴油流量等主要本地资源的组件对于推进我们的 了解城市空气污染的健康影响。当前的暴露评估方法也是 笨拙，嘈杂且劳动密集型，并且不提供关键分析物的近乎真实的时间测量。 我们建议开发和测试一个微型（棕榈尺寸），安静，可充电的个人抽样器 （1）登录黑色碳（BC）（BC），（2）收集和空间分辨浓度的接近实时登录 存档时间和空间分辨的PM样品进行以后的实验室分析，（3）有一个额外的渠道 用于用于相关气体或蒸气的化学光学分析，例如臭氧和（4）对数位置和活动 数据。我们的尺寸，力量，成本和安静的设计目标将允许大多数人使用，包括 幼儿，不受正常活动的干扰。卑诗省将通过内部属性进行测量 沉积颗粒的光学吸附分析。空间信息将由微型全球提供 室外位置的位置传感器（GPS）和小型家庭 - /工作/汽车放置的无线电信标，用于关键的室内 位置。该单元将归档多个时间和空间分辨的颗粒样品，以通过 质谱和单个粒子技术，以识别暴露于暴露的时间空间模式 粒子来源和各种痕量金属。可编程的微型“智能”个人 监视系统将具有灵活性，可以在广泛的采样设计中使用以评估空间 和Expsoure的时间模式。发展里程碑将包括设计，建筑和测试3 采样器的更高级版本。版本1将集成GPS传感器，但将缺乏 实时BC功能。版本2将包含采样轮和OTPICS，以实时接近 卑诗省的测量值，包括开发将作为电池重新收集器运行的基本单元 和无线数据传送，允许连续监视长达一个月，而无需维护。到 评估主题合规性，还将在此构建和测试按钮大小的合规性/位置传感器 阶段。在版本3中，我们将测试第三次实时合并臭氧检测的概念 渠道，。太阳能电动和/或大型驱动的基本单元也将设计用于设置 在获取电网的访问限制的地方，例如在发展中国家或用于固定地点的户外 缺乏力量的位置。实验室和现场实验将在开发过程中迭代进行 要生成传感器算法，请通过 与PM的传统实时和集成抽样方法进行比较。最后的智能空气污染 Monitor将结合最新现场测试建议的升级。