Behavioral disinhibition in early-onset alcoholism

早发性酒精中毒的行为去抑制

• 批准号: 8127636
• 负责人: PETER R FINN
• 金额: $ 39.38万
• 依托单位: TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-05-01 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8127636
• 关键词: Adopted; Adult; Affect; Age; Age of Onset; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol dependence; Alcoholism; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral inhibition; Chronic; Cognitive; Comorbidity; Decision Making; Disease; Disinhibition; Funding; Health; Heterogeneity; Impaired cognition; Informal Social Control; Knowledge; Laboratories; Learning; Life; Light; Measures; Mediating; Modeling; Nature; Pattern; Personality; Personality Disorders; Personality Traits; Phase; Phenotype; Play; Prevention; Process; Psychopathology; Punishment; Relative (related person); Research; Rewards; Role; Severities; Short-Term Memory; Symptoms; Syndrome; Variant; base; design; drinking; early onset; early-onset alcoholism; follow-up; high reward; model design; motivational processes; response; theories; tool; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This is a revised competing continuation application designed to follow-up on the major findings from our initial funding period and to investigate the cognitive and motivational mechanisms underlying behavioral disinhibition in early onset alcohol dependence (AD) and related co-morbid externalizing (EXT) and internalizing disorders. AD is a heterogeneous disorder with considerable variation in severity of symptoms, types and severity of co- morbid disorders, age of onset, and course. Research indicates a strong association between AD and various disinhibitory phenotypes, such as co-morbid EXT disorders, impulsive personality traits, and laboratory measures of behavioral disinhibition, which are associated with an early onset, more severe symptoms, and chronic course. However, much remains to be learned about the processes that contribute to, and explain the, (i) heterogeneity and co-morbidity in AD, and (ii) the specific mechanisms underlying behavioral disinhibition in AD and related EXT disorders. Several mechanisms contribute to behavioral disinhibition, yet we know little about how: 1. specific cognitive and motivational processes interact to affect poor decision-making, behavioral undercontrol, and specific decisions to drink in those with alcohol dependence, and 2. how these processes vary as a function of co-morbid psychopathology. Many studies of disinhibitory processes in AD are associational in nature, which limits our understanding of the specific mechanisms that contribute to self- regulatory deficits in those with AD. The proposed study uses a dimensional} factorial design to examine the impact of manipulating working memory load and reward magnitude on decision-making and behavioral inhibition in those with AD and EXT disorders. Utilizing manipulations of working memory load and reward magnitude is a more powerful approach to identifying the manner in which working memory, reward sensitivity, and punishment sensitivity interact and contribute to AD and EXT. The first aim of this study is to use a dimensional model design to investigate disinhibitory processes associated with heterogeneity and co- morbidity of EXT in AD. The second aim is to more directly investigate the cognitive and motivational mechanisms underlying behavioral inhibition deficits in AD / EXT by directly manipulating WM load and magnitude of reward on different laboratory tasks. The third aim is to more directly assess the motivational /disinhibitory factors that influence decisions to drink in those with AD, and other EXT disorders. This study will build upon our knowledge of the mechanisms underlying impaired decision-making and behavioral disinhibition in those with AD and related EXT disorders problems. The project attempts to clarify the relevance of these mechanisms for decisions to drink in young adults, and shed light on the potential role that these mechanisms have in the heterogeneity in AD. Such knowledge will be valuable for the prevention and treatment of alcohol problems in young adults. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This is a study of the cognitive and motivational mechanisms in alcohol dependence (AD) and related externalizing (EXT) disorders. The project will provide information about the specific mechanisms that contribute to AD and related EXT disorders, which will be valuable for prevention and treatment efforts.

描述（由申请人提供）：这是一份修订后的竞争性延续申请，旨在跟进我们最初资助期间的主要发现，并调查早发性酒精依赖（AD）和相关疾病的行为去抑制背后的认知和动机机制。 -病态的外化（EXT）和内化障碍。 AD 是一种异质性疾病，在症状严重程度、共病疾病的类型和严重程度、发病年龄和病程方面存在很大差异。研究表明，AD 与各种去抑制表型之间存在很强的关联，例如共病的 EXT 障碍、冲动性人格特征和行为去抑制的实验室测量，这些表型与早发、更严重的症状和慢性病程相关。然而，关于导致和解释以下问题的过程还有很多需要了解：(i) AD 的异质性和共病，以及 (ii) AD 和相关 EXT 疾病行为去抑制的具体机制。有多种机制会导致行为去抑制，但我们对其具体机制知之甚少：1.特定的认知和动机过程相互作用，影响酒精依赖者的不良决策、行为失控和饮酒的具体决定，以及2.这些过程如何变化作为共病精神病理学的函数。许多关于 AD 去抑制过程的研究本质上都是关联性的，这限制了我们对导致 AD 患者自我调节缺陷的具体机制的理解。拟议的研究使用维度因子设计来检查操纵工作记忆负荷和奖励幅度对 AD 和 EXT 障碍患者的决策和行为抑制的影响。利用工作记忆负载和奖励幅度的操作是识别工作记忆、奖励敏感性和惩罚敏感性相互作用以及对 AD 和 EXT 贡献的方式的更有效方法。本研究的第一个目的是使用维度模型设计来研究与 AD 中 EXT 的异质性和共病相关的去抑制过程。第二个目标是通过直接操纵不同实验室任务的 WM 负荷和奖励幅度，更直接地研究 AD/EXT 行为抑制缺陷背后的认知和动机机制。第三个目标是更直接地评估影响 AD 和其他 EXT 疾病患者饮酒决定的动机/去抑制因素。这项研究将建立在我们对 AD 和相关 EXT 障碍问题患者决策受损和行为去抑制机制的了解基础上。该项目试图阐明这些机制与年轻人饮酒决策的相关性，并阐明这些机制在 AD 异质性中的潜在作用。这些知识对于预防和治疗年轻人的酒精问题非常有价值。公共卫生相关性：这是一项关于酒精依赖 (AD) 和相关外化 (EXT) 疾病的认知和动机机制的研究。该项目将提供有关导致 AD 和相关 EXT 疾病的具体机制的信息，这对于预防和治疗工作非常有价值。