Attention-biases and hot cognition in drug dependence

药物依赖中的注意偏差和热认知

• 批准号: 7175493
• 负责人: PETER R FINN
• 金额: $ 28.54万
• 依托单位: TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-02-15 至 2010-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7175493
• 关键词: Affect; Alcohols; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Attention; Attenuated; Aversive Stimulus; Behavior; Behavioral inhibition; Categories; Clinical; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive Science; Communities; Computer Simulation; Computer information processing; Cues; Data; Decision Making; Dimensions; Disinhibition; Drug Addiction; Drug abuse; Educational process of instructing; Elements; Emotional; Esthesia; Eye; Future; Gambling; Goals; Image; Impulsivity; Individual; Judgment; Knowledge; Laboratories; Learning; Measures; Methods; Occupations; Personality; Personality Traits; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Prevention; Process; Protocols documentation; Reaction Time; Relative (related person); Reporting; Request for Applications; Research; Rewards; Risk; Role; Self-control as a personality trait; Short-Term Memory; Standards of Weights and Measures; Stimulus; Substance abuse problem; System; Testing; Time; Translating; Visual attention; Work; alcohol reward; anti social; base; contextual factors; cost; discounting; drug abuser; gaze; improved; instrumentation; motivational processes; neglect; perceptual organization; preference; response; theories; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application requests five years of support to investigate attentional biases in drug dependent individuals (DDIs), how such biases are related to personality, and how contextual factors influence attentional biases in DDIs. This project applies (translates) basic cognitive science methods and theories of attention, perceptual processes, and learning to further our understanding of the clinical problem of drug dependence. Furthermore, this project seeks to understand and demonstrate the role for contextual factors (hot and cold processing) that may attentuate attentional biases and bolster self-control in DDIs. Knowledge of contextual factors that can bolster self-control would be valuable for prevention efforts in at-risk individuals and for the treatment of drug dependence. The first aim of this project is to test the hypothesis that DDIs preferentially attend to reward stimuli and that this attentional bias is specifically associated with the personality trait of impulsivity using cognitive science methods and sophisticated eye-gaze tracking instrumentation. Attentional bias will be assessed using visual attention deployment, similarity judgment, and task-shifting protocols, and quantified using traditional measures (e.g., reaction time, gaze time/preference) as well as parameters derived from computational models. Personality will be assessed in three dimensions related to drug abuse, impulsivity, harm avoidance, and excitement seeking. The project also aims to explore the association between drug dependence, harm avoidance, negative affect, and attention to aversive stimuli. The second aim is to test the hypotheses that increasing activation of the approach motivational system with a hot processing instructional set will amplify this attentional bias in DDIs and decreasing activation of the approach system (cool processing set) attenuates this attentional bias. The third aim is to develop more externally valid laboratory protocols for assessing the cognitive - motivational processes in DDI's. This involves developing and making available to the scientific community a well-characterized and normed set of images that can be used in standard cognitive protocols tapping attention, perceptual organization, decision making and associative/category learning. This project will provide valuable information about the role of attentional biases in drug dependence and how such biases can be manipulated to increase self-control in drug abusers.

描述（由申请人提供）：本申请要求五年的支持，以调查药物依赖个体 (DDI) 的注意偏差、此类偏差与性格的关系，以及背景因素如何影响 DDI 的注意偏差。该项目应用（翻译）基本认知科学方法和注意力、知觉过程和学习理论，以进一步了解药物依赖的临床问题。此外，该项目旨在了解和证明情境因素（热加工和冷加工）的作用，这些因素可能会减轻 DDI 中的注意力偏差并增强自我控制。了解可以增强自我控制的背景因素对于高危个体的预防工作和药物依赖的治疗非常有价值。该项目的第一个目标是使用认知科学方法和复杂的视线跟踪仪器来测试 DDI 优先关注奖励刺激的假设，以及这种注意力偏差与冲动的人格特质特别相关。注意力偏差将使用视觉注意力部署、相似性判断和任务转移协议进行评估，并使用传统措施（例如反应时间、凝视时间/偏好）以及从计算模型得出的参数进行量化。人格将从与药物滥用、冲动、避免伤害和寻求刺激相关的三个维度进行评估。该项目还旨在探索药物依赖、避免伤害、负面情绪和对厌恶刺激的关注之间的关联。第二个目的是测试以下假设：通过热加工指令集增加接近激励系统的激活将放大 DDI 中的这种注意偏差，而减少接近系统（冷处理指令集）的激活会减弱这种注意偏差。第三个目标是开发更多外部有效的实验室协议来评估 DDI 中的认知 - 动机过程。这涉及开发并向科学界提供一组特征明确且规范化的图像，这些图像可用于标准认知协议中，利用注意力、感知组织、决策和联想/类别学习。该项目将提供有关注意力偏差在药物依赖中的作用以及如何操纵这种偏差以增强药物滥用者的自我控制力的宝贵信息。