Behavioral disinhibition in early-onset alcoholism

早发性酒精中毒的行为去抑制

• 批准号: 6699411
• 负责人: PETER R FINN
• 金额: $ 26.08万
• 依托单位: TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-05-01 至 2007-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6699411
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); alcoholism /alcohol abuse; antisocial personality; behavioral /social science research tag; cognition; disease /disorder onset; human subject; impulsive behavior; interview; patient oriented research; personality; psychological reinforcement; psychological tests; psychometrics; questionnaires; self concept; short term memory; social psychology; socioenvironment; young adult human (21-34)

This application requests five years of support to investigate the incentive-motivational and cognitive processes underlying the association between behavioral disinhibition and early-onset alcohol problems. In addition, the study investigates potential psychosocial processes that distinguish early-onset alcoholism without antisocial problems from antisocial early- onset alcoholism. The project takes a theoretically based, multifactorial perspective (model) on the mechanisms that influence behavior disinhibition in subjects with early-onset alcoholism. This model describes the roles for individual differences in sensitivity to rewards and punishments, working memory capacity, signal saliency, and executive cognitive function in the processes affecting behavioral disnihibition in antisocial early-onset alcoholism. The first aim of this project is to investigate the roles that working memory capacity, sensitivity to punishments and rewards, and signal saliency play in modulating behavioral inhibition and activation in antisocial and non-antisocial early-onset alcoholism. Responses to rewards and punishments are assessed on different incentive- motivational tasks that tap different processes that affect behavioral disinhibition, such as passive avoidance learning on a series of go/ no go tasks, the influence of magnitude of rewards and punishments on decision making, and the discounting of future versus present rewards. Tasks involve the manipulation of reward and punishment saliency and the manipulation of type of punishment to assess specific disinhibitory mechanisms. The second aim of this project is to investigate the psychosocial mechanisms, such as affiliation with college fraternities/sororities, planful excessive drinking in social contexts, and having difficulties with difficulties with development transitions, that distinguish non antisocial alcoholism from antisocial alcoholism. The result of this study should (1) provide valuable information about the mechanisms that serve to predispose to, and maintain, early onset alcohol problems, and (2) serve to inform prevention and treatment efforts for early onset alcohol problems.

该申请要求五年的支持，以调查行为去抑制与早发性酒精问题之间关联的激励-动机和认知过程。 此外，该研究还调查了区分无反社会问题的早发性酗酒和反社会性早发性酗酒的潜在心理社会过程。 该项目采用基于理论的多因素视角（模型）来研究影响早发性酗酒受试者行为去抑制的机制。 该模型描述了个体差异在奖励和惩罚敏感性、工作记忆能力、信号显着性和执行认知功能方面在影响反社会早发性酗酒行为抑制的过程中的作用。 该项目的首要目标是研究工作记忆能力、对惩罚和奖励的敏感性以及信号显着性在调节反社会和非反社会早发性酗酒的行为抑制和激活中所起的作用。 对奖励和惩罚的反应是根据不同的激励-激励任务来评估的，这些任务利用影响行为去抑制的不同过程，例如对一系列进行/不进行任务的被动回避学习，奖励和惩罚的大小对决策的影响，以及未来奖励与当前奖励的折扣。 任务涉及操纵奖励和惩罚的显着性以及操纵惩罚类型以评估特定的去抑制机制。 该项目的第二个目标是调查区分非反社会酗酒和反社会酗酒的社会心理机制，例如加入大学兄弟会/联谊会、在社会背景下有计划地过量饮酒以及在发展转型方面遇到困难。 这项研究的结果应该（1）提供有关诱发和维持早发性酒精问题的机制的有价值的信息，以及（2）为早发性酒精问题的预防和治疗工作提供信息。