The Exposure to Metals from E-Cigarettes (EMIT) Study

电子烟中的金属暴露 (EMIT) 研究

基本信息

批准号：
9788464
负责人：
Ana Maria Rule
金额：
$ 44.68万
依托单位：
JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2018-09-20 至 2021-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9788464
关键词：
Aerosols Affect Alloys Arsenic Behavior Biological Markers Blood Blood specimen Carcinogens Characteristics Chromium Cigarette Smoker Cotinine Creatinine Data Collection Devices Electronic cigarette Exhalation Exposure to Flavoring Frequencies Friends Future Goals Health Health Benefit Heating Hobbies Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Inhalation Intervention Knowledge Lead Linear Regressions Liquid substance Manufacturer Name Measures Metal exposure Metals Modeling Nickel Nicotine Occupational Participant Pattern Pilot Projects Policies Policy Research Population Procedures Questionnaires Regulation Risk Role Saliva Sample Size Sampling Smoke Smoker Smoking Smoking History Source Statistical Data Interpretation Tobacco smoke Toxic effect Urine Woman Work authority cigarette smoking comparison group design electronic cigarette use electronic cigarette user exposure pathway lifestyle factors men metallicity non-smoker preference racial and ethnic recruit research study sociodemographics tobacco products toxic metal trend urinary vaper vaping vapor voltage young adult

项目摘要

PROJECT SUMMARY Background: Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes or ENDS) are battery-operated devices that generate an aerosol (called “vapor”) that is inhaled by the user. Despite their increasing popularity and use worldwide, little is known about their health effects. There is concern that e-cigarettes expose users to metals, since a metal coil is used to generate the “vapor”. Furthermore, most coils are composed of nickel and chromium, which are known inhalation carcinogens. A new e-cigarette type called POD is growing in popularity with unknown potential for exposure. Our goal is to evaluate how e-cigarette use patterns impact exposure to toxic metals. Specific Aims: 1) to understand the role of metal heating components on the transfer of metals into the aerosol, by analyzing metal concentrations in e-liquid before it is in contact with the heating coil, and in the aerosol generated, 2) to characterize patterns of e-cigarette use and other potential sources of metal exposures, and 3) to measure metals in blood, urine, saliva, and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of e- cigarette users, non users, smokers and dual users, to evaluate how different patterns of e-cigarette and smoking use impact metal exposure. Preliminary studies: We have found nickel, chromium, and lead in aerosol from e-cigarettes, and also in urine, saliva and EBC of current e-cigarette users. All metal levels measured in the aerosol were higher than the metal levels found in e-liquid before contact with the coil. We also found that use behaviors, such as frequency of use and e-cigarette voltage, were associated with exposure levels. Design and setting: We will recruit men and women of all racial and ethnic backgrounds to one of five groups: 1) 50 MOD e-cigarette users, 2) 50 POD users, 3) 50 cigarette smokers, 4) 50 dual users (use e-cigarettes and combustible tobacco products), and 5) 50 non-users/smokers. Data collection: All participants will answer a questionnaire on smoking history, e-cigarette use patterns, and work/hobbies that may involve metal use. Samples of blood, urine, saliva, and exhaled breath will be collected to measure and compare metal levels within and between groups. For e-cigarette users, samples of their e-liquid before use, and vapor generated will be collected to understand the transfer of metals during e-cigarette use. Statistical Analysis: Linear regression models will be used to estimate the association of metals in biomarkers with e-cigarette use patterns, cotinine biomarkers, and metal concentrations in e-liquid and aerosol. For urine biomarkers, all models will be adjusted for urinary creatinine. Significance: The proposed project will allow us to evaluate e- cigarette users’ exposure to metals, how their use patterns impact their metal exposures, and how their metal exposure levels compare to those of cigarette smokers, dual users, and non-users/smokers. This study will generate needed information to inform policy-level interventions for e-cigarette regulation as well as to plan future studies on the health effects of e-cigarette use.

项目概要背景：电子烟（电子香烟或 ENDS）是电池供电的设备，可产生被用户吸入的气溶胶（称为“蒸气”）尽管在世界范围内越来越受欢迎和使用，但很少。人们担心电子烟会使使用者接触金属，因为金属是一种金属。线圈用于产生“蒸汽”此外，大多数线圈由镍和铬组成。一种名为 POD 的新型电子烟越来越受欢迎，其未知的吸入致癌物质。我们的目标是评估电子烟的使用模式如何影响有毒物质的暴露。具体目标： 1）了解金属加热元件对金属转移的作用。通过在电子烟液与加热线圈接触之前分析电子烟液中的金属浓度，以及在烟液中的气溶胶产生的气溶胶，2) 表征电子烟的使用模式和其他潜在金属来源暴露，以及 3) 测量电子设备的血液、尿液、唾液和呼出气体冷凝物 (EBC) 中的金属香烟使用者、非使用者、吸烟者和双重使用者，以评估不同模式的电子烟和吸烟会影响金属暴露：我们在气溶胶中发现了镍、铬和铅。电子烟中的金属含量，以及当前电子烟使用者的尿液、唾液和 EBC 中的所有金属含量。我们还发现，气溶胶的含量高于接触线圈之前电子烟液中的金属含量。使用行为，例如使用频率和电子烟电压，与暴露水平相关。和背景：我们将招募所有种族和族裔背景的男性和女性加入以下五个组之一：1) 50 MOD电子烟用户，2）50名POD用户，3）50名吸烟者，4）50名双重用户（使用电子烟和可燃烟草制品），以及 5）50 名非使用者/吸烟者数据收集：所有参与者都将回答一个问题。关于吸烟史、电子烟使用模式以及可能涉及金属使用的工作/爱好的调查问卷。将收集血液、尿液、唾液和呼出气样本以测量和比较金属水平对于电子烟用户，使用前的电子烟液样本以及产生的蒸汽。将收集数据以了解电子烟使用过程中金属的转移。统计分析：线性。回归模型将用于估计生物标志物中的金属与电子烟使用的关联模式、可替宁生物标志物以及电子烟液和气雾剂中的金属浓度对于尿液生物标志物，全部。模型将根据尿肌酐进行调整意义：拟议的项目将使我们能够评估 e-。卷烟使用者接触金属的情况、他们的使用模式如何影响他们的金属暴露以及他们的金属如何本研究将与吸烟者、双重使用者和非使用者/吸烟者的暴露水平进行比较。生成所需的信息，为电子烟监管的政策层面干预措施以及规划提供信息关于电子烟使用对健康影响的未来研究。