A Social-Cognitive Model of Adolescent Substance Use

青少年药物使用的社会认知模型

基本信息

批准号：
7488920
负责人：
Frederick X Gibbons
金额：
$ 27.1万
依托单位：
DARTMOUTH COLLEGE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2004-09-30 至 2011-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The primary aim of this proposed research is to examine the social cognitions that mediate and moderate the relations between environmental factors--peers, family, and context--and adolescent drug use and abuse. The theoretical foundation of the project is the prototype/willingness model of adolescent health risk, a modified dual-processing model that presents a social-psychological perspective on health behavior. A core assumption in the model is that adolescents engage in two different types of cognitive processing with regard to health risk and health risk behavior: reasoned and reactive. The prototype model will inform the design and implementation of a series of lab and field studies in which risk-relevant cognitions (e.g., perceived risk, perceived personal vulnerability, social norms, expectancies) and, in some cases, the relation between these cognitions and behavior will be examined. Participants in these studies will include adolescents from age 14 to 21, whose ethnic background is either European American or African American. Particular attention will be paid to person/situation interactions. For example, adolescents' levels of impulsivity (self-control) will be assessed in order to determine if these factors influence the ways in which they think about risk and react to risk opportunity under conditions of high and low stress and/or enhanced affective states. Stressors are diverse and include context (e.g., environmental risk), cognitive load/distraction, and racial discrimination. Consistent with the focus of the prototype model, these studies will target cognitions that are thought to be amenable to modification (e.g., risk images, behavioral willingness), and therefore of potential utility in the design of interventions and preventive-interventions that can help adolescents make healthier decisions about substances. Examining these cognitions and early behavior can provide information about why adolescents use substances and why early use sometimes turns into abuse.

描述（由申请人提供）：这项研究的主要目的是检查调节和调节环境因素（同龄人、家庭和背景）与青少年吸毒和滥用之间关系的社会认知。该项目的理论基础是青少年健康风险的原型/意愿模型，这是一种改进的双重处理模型，提出了健康行为的社会心理学视角。该模型的核心假设是，青少年对健康风险和健康风险行为进行两种不同类型的认知处理：理性认知和反应认知。原型模型将为一系列实验室和现场研究的设计和实施提供信息，其中风险相关认知（例如，感知风险、感知个人脆弱性、社会规范、期望），以及在某些情况下，这些认知与风险之间的关系。行为将受到检查。这些研究的参与者将包括 14 岁至 21 岁的青少年，其种族背景为欧裔美国人或非裔美国人。将特别关注人/情况的互动。例如，将评估青少年的冲动（自我控制）水平，以确定这些因素是否影响他们在高压力和低压力和/或增强情感状态的条件下思考风险和对风险机会做出反应的方式。压力源多种多样，包括背景（例如环境风险）、认知负荷/分心和种族歧视。与原型模型的重点一致，这些研究将针对那些被认为可以修改的认知（例如风险图像、行为意愿），因此在设计可以帮助青少年的干预措施和预防性干预措施方面具有潜在效用对物质做出更健康的决定。检查这些认知和早期行为可以提供有关青少年使用药物的原因以及为什么早期使用有时会变成滥用的信息。