Self-Control as a Moderator for Effects of Mass Media on Adolescent Substance Use

自我控制作为大众媒体对青少年药物使用影响的调节因素

• 批准号: 8102709
• 负责人: Frederick X Gibbons
• 金额: $ 60.82万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2015-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8102709
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Advertising; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Attention; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Buffers; Characteristics; Cigarette; Clip; Cognitive; Cues; Data; Educational process of instructing; Epidemiology; Expectancy; Exposure to; Family; Film; Future; Growth; Health; Health Communication; Information and Media; Knowledge; Laboratory Research; Laboratory Study; Link; Literacy Programs; Logistic Regressions; Longitudinal Studies; Mass Media; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Memory; Modeling; Monitor; Nature; Pathway interactions; Personality; Persons; Persuasive Communication; Population; Predisposition; Prevalence; Prevention Research; Problem Solving; Process; Process Measure; Public Health; Reaction; Regulation; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Resistance; Rewards; Risk; Sampling; Schools; Self-control as a personality trait; Sex Characteristics; Site; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Staging; Structural Models; Subgroup; Television; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco use; Vulnerable Populations; adolescent smoking; adolescent substance use; alcohol cue; base; cigarette smoking; demographics; design; drinking; drinking behavior; early alcohol use; ethnic difference; experience; field study; indexing; movie; movie exposure; multidisciplinary; peer; pressure; programs; public health relevance; research study; response; social; social skills; underage drinking; uptake; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There is a substantial prevalence of exposure to smoking and alcohol cues in movies and advertising viewed by adolescents, and these exposures have been indicated as an influence on adolescent smoking and alcohol use. However, there has been little research on factors that moderate the impact of media exposures. Our preliminary data provide evidence that good self-control reduces the impact of media exposures on adolescent smoking and alcohol use, but the scope and mechanism of this effect is not well understood. The proposed research to clarify the nature and mechanisms of moderation will be conducted by a multidisciplinary group of investigators who have been collaborating in studying media effects. The research design incorporates both field research and laboratory studies. The field study will examine the nature of moderation effects in an epidemiologic design with a sample of 1,800 younger adolescents followed over a 4-year period, while four laboratory studies with samples of 120 adolescents and young adults in 3 sites will examine specific hypotheses about the mechanism of moderation effects in controlled research with explicit and implicit cognitive measures. The research is based on a dual-process theoretical model which hypothesizes that good self-control will have a protective moderation effect for onset and/or progression of smoking and alcohol use whereas poor regulation will have a vulnerability effect. This will be investigated in the field study through testing how pathways from media exposure to expectancies, peer affiliations, and smoking/drinking behavior differ for self-control subgroups. The laboratory studies are designed to investigate four hypothesized mechanisms of moderation through studying effects of self- control constructs on encoding of information and enactment of proximal influences for substance use. We hypothesize that moderation may occur through differential encoding of risk and reward cues in media presentations; differential reactions to seeing smokers and drinkers in media; differential memory accessibility of expectancies about smoking and alcohol use; or differences in social competence and resistance efficacy in peer situations where there is pressure for smoking or drinking. The combination of field and laboratory studies will provide more detailed knowledge about media effects on adolescent smoking and alcohol use than can be obtained from either design conducted alone. The proposed research has theoretical significance because it provides an opportunity to obtain new knowledge about a moderation effect that has not been extensively studied. Findings from the research will be useful for informing media literacy programs by showing more about the processes through which adolescents interact with media presentations and suggesting strategies for designing health communications for more or less vulnerable groups. Thus the research program will have implications for both basic research on media influence and for media-oriented prevention research on smoking/alcohol use. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This research is relevant to public health because it studies exposure to tobacco and alcohol cues in mass media, an exposure that is spread through the population of adolescents and has an impact on uptake of cigarette smoking and early alcohol use. The project will yield findings about factors that can reduce the impact of media exposures on health-related behaviors such as cigarette smoking. The results will be useful for educational programs that teach adolescents how to deal better with persuasive communications such as advertising and with exposure to potentially adverse influences in entertainment media such as movies and television.

描述（由申请人提供）：青少年观看的电影和广告中普遍存在接触吸烟和饮酒线索的现象，并且这些接触已被表明对青少年吸烟和饮酒有影响。然而，对于调节媒体曝光影响的因素却很少有研究。我们的初步数据提供的证据表明，良好的自我控制可以减少媒体曝光对青少年吸烟和饮酒的影响，但这种影响的范围和机制尚不清楚。旨在阐明调节的性质和机制的拟议研究将由一直合作研究媒体效应的多学科研究人员小组进行。研究设计结合了实地研究和实验室研究。这项实地研究将在流行病学设计中检验调节效应的性质，对 1,800 名青少年进行为期 4 年的跟踪调查，而四项实验室研究将在 3 个地点对 120 名青少年和年轻人进行抽样检验，以检验关于具有显性和隐性认知测量的对照研究中的调节效应机制。该研究基于双过程理论模型，该模型假设良好的自我控制将对吸烟和饮酒的发生和/或进展产生保护性调节作用，而不良的调节则会产生脆弱性效应。这将在实地研究中通过测试自我控制亚组从媒体接触到期望、同伴关系和吸烟/饮酒行为的路径有何不同来进行调查。实验室研究旨在通过研究自我控制结构对信息编码和物质使用近端影响的影响来调查四种假设的调节机制。我们假设，调节可能是通过媒体演示中风险和奖励线索的差异编码来实现的；在媒体上看到吸烟者和饮酒者的不同反应；关于吸烟和饮酒的预期的记忆可及性存在差异；或在有吸烟或饮酒压力的同伴环境中社交能力和抵抗力的差异。与单独进行的任何一种设计相比，现场研究和实验室研究的结合将提供更详细的关于媒体对青少年吸烟和饮酒影响的知识。所提出的研究具有理论意义，因为它提供了获得尚未广泛研究的有关调节效应的新知识的机会。研究结果将有助于为媒体素养计划提供信息，更多地展示青少年与媒体演示互动的过程，并提出为或多或少的弱势群体设计健康传播的策略。因此，该研究计划将对媒体影响的基础研究和以媒体为导向的吸烟/饮酒预防研究产生影响。 公共健康相关性：这项研究与公共健康相关，因为它研究大众媒体中烟草和酒精线索的暴露，这种暴露在青少年群体中传播，并对吸烟和早期饮酒产生影响。该项目将得出有关可以减少媒体曝光对吸烟等健康相关行为影响的因素的研究结果。研究结果将有助于教育项目，教导青少年如何更好地处理广告等说服性沟通，以及如何接触电影和电视等娱乐媒体的潜在不利影响。