Self-Control as a Moderator for Effects of Mass Media on Adolescent Substance Use

自我控制作为大众媒体对青少年药物使用影响的调节因素

• 批准号: 8102709
• 负责人: Frederick X Gibbons
• 金额: $ 60.82万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII AT MANOA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2015-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8102709
• 关键词: Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Advertising; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Alcohols; Attention; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Buffers; Characteristics; Cigarette; Clip; Cognitive; Cues; Data; Educational process of instructing; Epidemiology; Expectancy; Exposure to; Family; Film; Future; Growth; Health; Health Communication; Information and Media; Knowledge; Laboratory Research; Laboratory Study; Link; Literacy Programs; Logistic Regressions; Longitudinal Studies; Mass Media; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Memory; Modeling; Monitor; Nature; Pathway interactions; Personality; Persons; Persuasive Communication; Population; Predisposition; Prevalence; Prevention Research; Problem Solving; Process; Process Measure; Public Health; Reaction; Regulation; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Resistance; Rewards; Risk; Sampling; Schools; Self-control as a personality trait; Sex Characteristics; Site; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Staging; Structural Models; Subgroup; Television; Testing; Theoretical model; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco use; Vulnerable Populations; adolescent smoking; adolescent substance use; alcohol cue; base; cigarette smoking; demographics; design; drinking; drinking behavior; early alcohol use; ethnic difference; experience; field study; indexing; movie; movie exposure; multidisciplinary; peer; pressure; programs; public health relevance; research study; response; social; social skills; underage drinking; uptake; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): There is a substantial prevalence of exposure to smoking and alcohol cues in movies and advertising viewed by adolescents, and these exposures have been indicated as an influence on adolescent smoking and alcohol use. However, there has been little research on factors that moderate the impact of media exposures. Our preliminary data provide evidence that good self-control reduces the impact of media exposures on adolescent smoking and alcohol use, but the scope and mechanism of this effect is not well understood. The proposed research to clarify the nature and mechanisms of moderation will be conducted by a multidisciplinary group of investigators who have been collaborating in studying media effects. The research design incorporates both field research and laboratory studies. The field study will examine the nature of moderation effects in an epidemiologic design with a sample of 1,800 younger adolescents followed over a 4-year period, while four laboratory studies with samples of 120 adolescents and young adults in 3 sites will examine specific hypotheses about the mechanism of moderation effects in controlled research with explicit and implicit cognitive measures. The research is based on a dual-process theoretical model which hypothesizes that good self-control will have a protective moderation effect for onset and/or progression of smoking and alcohol use whereas poor regulation will have a vulnerability effect. This will be investigated in the field study through testing how pathways from media exposure to expectancies, peer affiliations, and smoking/drinking behavior differ for self-control subgroups. The laboratory studies are designed to investigate four hypothesized mechanisms of moderation through studying effects of self- control constructs on encoding of information and enactment of proximal influences for substance use. We hypothesize that moderation may occur through differential encoding of risk and reward cues in media presentations; differential reactions to seeing smokers and drinkers in media; differential memory accessibility of expectancies about smoking and alcohol use; or differences in social competence and resistance efficacy in peer situations where there is pressure for smoking or drinking. The combination of field and laboratory studies will provide more detailed knowledge about media effects on adolescent smoking and alcohol use than can be obtained from either design conducted alone. The proposed research has theoretical significance because it provides an opportunity to obtain new knowledge about a moderation effect that has not been extensively studied. Findings from the research will be useful for informing media literacy programs by showing more about the processes through which adolescents interact with media presentations and suggesting strategies for designing health communications for more or less vulnerable groups. Thus the research program will have implications for both basic research on media influence and for media-oriented prevention research on smoking/alcohol use. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This research is relevant to public health because it studies exposure to tobacco and alcohol cues in mass media, an exposure that is spread through the population of adolescents and has an impact on uptake of cigarette smoking and early alcohol use. The project will yield findings about factors that can reduce the impact of media exposures on health-related behaviors such as cigarette smoking. The results will be useful for educational programs that teach adolescents how to deal better with persuasive communications such as advertising and with exposure to potentially adverse influences in entertainment media such as movies and television.

描述（由申请人提供）：在青少年观看的电影和广告中，人们对吸烟和酒精提示的暴露率很大，并且这些暴露已被认为是对青少年吸烟和饮酒的影响。但是，几乎没有关于适应媒体暴露影响的因素的研究。我们的初步数据提供了证据，表明良好的自我控制降低了媒体暴露对青少年吸烟和饮酒的影响，但是这种效果的范围和机制尚不清楚。旨在阐明节制的性质和机制的拟议研究将由一组在研究媒体效果方面合作的多学科研究人员组。研究设计同时纳入了现场研究和实验室研究。现场研究将研究流行病学设计中的节制效应的性质，其中1,800名年轻青少年在4年的时间内进行了样本，而四个实验室研究的四个实验室研究将在3个地点中使用120名青少年和年轻人的样本进​​行研究，将检查有关与透明和隐式认知性认知能力的调节作用机制的特定假设。该研究基于双处理理论模型，该模型假设良好的自我控制将对吸烟和饮酒的发作和/或进展产生保护性的节制效果，而较差的调节将具有脆弱性效应。这将在现场研究中通过测试从媒体暴露于期望，同伴隶属关系和吸烟/饮酒行为的途径在自我控制亚组中有所不同。实验室研究旨在通过研究自我控制结构对信息编码的影响和近端影响供物质使用的效果来研究四种假设的节制机制。我们假设节制可能是通过媒体演示中的风险和奖励提示的差异编码来进行的。媒体中吸烟者和饮酒者的反应不同；预期吸烟和饮酒的差异记忆可及性；或在吸烟或饮酒压力的同伴情况下社会能力和抵抗功效的差异。与单独进行的任何一种设计相比，现场研究和实验室研究的结合将提供有关媒体对青少年吸烟和饮酒的影响的更多详细知识。拟议的研究具有理论上的意义，因为它提供了一个机会，以获取有关未经广泛研究的节制效应的新知识。这项研究的发现将有助于通过展示更多有关青少年与媒体演示互动的过程的信息，并提出针对或多或少脆弱的群体设计健康沟通的策略。因此，该研究计划将对媒体影响的基础研究和面向媒体的预防研究/饮酒有影响。 公共卫生相关性：这项研究与公共卫生有关，因为它研究了大众媒体中接触烟草和酒精提示的暴露，这种暴露是通过青少年人群传播的，并且会影响吸烟和早期饮酒的吸收。该项目将产生有关可以减少媒体暴露对健康相关行为（例如吸烟）的影响的因素的发现。结果对于教授青少年如何更好地处理有说服力的沟通（例如广告）以及对娱乐媒体（例如电影和电视）的潜在不利影响的教育计划将很有用。