A Social-Cognitive Model of Adolescent Substance Use

青少年药物使用的社会认知模型

• 批准号: 7117002
• 负责人: Frederick X Gibbons
• 金额: $ 28.19万
• 依托单位: IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-30 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7117002
• 关键词: African American; adolescence (12-20); behavioral /social science research tag; caucasian American; child psychology; clinical research; cognition; expectancy; family; health behavior; high risk behavior /lifestyle; human subject; impulsive behavior; interpersonal relations; peer group; perception; prejudice; psychological stressor; social group process; social model; social psychology; socioenvironment; substance abuse epidemiology; substance abuse related behavior; substance abuse related disorder

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The primary aim of this proposed research is to examine the social cognitions that mediate and moderate the relations between environmental factors--peers, family, and context--and adolescent drug use and abuse. The theoretical foundation of the project is the prototype/willingness model of adolescent health risk, a modified dual-processing model that presents a social-psychological perspective on health behavior. A core assumption in the model is that adolescents engage in two different types of cognitive processing with regard to health risk and health risk behavior: reasoned and reactive. The prototype model will inform the design and implementation of a series of lab and field studies in which risk-relevant cognitions (e.g., perceived risk, perceived personal vulnerability, social norms, expectancies) and, in some cases, the relation between these cognitions and behavior will be examined. Participants in these studies will include adolescents from age 14 to 21, whose ethnic background is either European American or African American. Particular attention will be paid to person/situation interactions. For example, adolescents' levels of impulsivity (self-control) will be assessed in order to determine if these factors influence the ways in which they think about risk and react to risk opportunity under conditions of high and low stress and/or enhanced affective states. Stressors are diverse and include context (e.g., environmental risk), cognitive load/distraction, and racial discrimination. Consistent with the focus of the prototype model, these studies will target cognitions that are thought to be amenable to modification (e.g., risk images, behavioral willingness), and therefore of potential utility in the design of interventions and preventive-interventions that can help adolescents make healthier decisions about substances. Examining these cognitions and early behavior can provide information about why adolescents use substances and why early use sometimes turns into abuse.

描述（由申请人提供）： 这项拟议的研究的主要目的是研究调解和调节环境因素之间的关系的社会认知 - 同伴，家庭和背景以及青少年的吸毒和滥用。该项目的理论基础是青少年健康风险的原型/意愿模型，这是一种经过修改的双重处理模型，对健康行为提出了社会心理学观点。该模型中的核心假设是，关于健康风险和健康风险行为，青少年参与了两种不同类型的认知处理：理性和反应性。原型模型将为一系列实验室和现场研究的设计和实施提供信息，其中与风险相关的认知（例如，感知的风险，感知到的个人脆弱性，社会规范，预期），在某些情况下，将检查这些认知和行为之间的关系。这些研究的参与者将包括14岁至21岁的青少年，其种族背景是欧美或非裔美国人。特别关注人/情况互动。例如，将评估青少年的冲动性水平（自我控制），以确定这些因素是否会影响他们在高压力和低压力和/或增强情感状态的条件下对风险和对风险机会做出反应的方式。压力源是多种多样的，包括背景（例如，环境风险），认知负荷/分心和种族歧视。与原型模型的重点一致，这些研究将针对被认为可以修改的认知（例如，风险图像，行为意愿），因此在设计干预措施和预防性之间的潜在效用中，可以帮助青少年做出更健康的物质决定。检查这些认知和早期行为可以提供有关为什么青少年使用物质的信息，以及为什么早期使用有时会变成虐待。