Neurobiology and dynamics of Active Sensing

主动感知的神经生物学和动力学

• 批准号: 9471855
• 负责人: CHARLES E SCHROEDER
• 金额: $ 191.02万
• 依托单位: COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-04-15 至 2022-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9471855
• 关键词: Address; Area; Attention; Attention Deficit Disorder; Auditory; Autistic Disorder; Behavioral; Brain; Cells; Code; Cognitive; Communication; Computer Simulation; Data; Electric Stimulation; Electroencephalography; Emotional; Environment; Epilepsy; Evolution; Eye; Eye Movements; Frequencies; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Functional disorder; Goals; Human; Image; Individual; Link; Measures; Modeling; Monkeys; Motor; Neurobiology; Neurons; Neurosciences; Operative Surgical Procedures; Parietal; Pathway Analysis; Periodicity; Physiological Processes; Population Process; Property; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Role; Route; Sample Size; Sampling; Scanning; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Source; Statistical Models; System; Thalamic structure; Update; Work; biophysical properties; cell assembly; cell type; cognitive process; computational network modeling; covert attention; data format; density; expectation; experience; experimental study; falls; gaze; indexing; information gathering; insight; instrument; neuropsychiatric disorder; neuropsychiatry; nonhuman primate; novel; operation; outreach; programs; relating to nervous system; sensory input; theories

ABSTRACT: Two key principles define the core conceptual framework of our Conte Center. First, most sensory input is actively acquired by a motor and/or attentional sampling routine; e.g., rather than staring blankly and hoping that something will “fall” into our gaze, we Actively Scan the visible environment with eye movements. Even when fixating, we can actively (albeit covertly) scan the environment by shifting attention. Corresponding “scanning” of the auditory environment uses the more covert attentional sampling strategy, but is no less active. As a result, Active Sensing (i.e., strategic, goal-driven sampling of inputs) is “predictive” in that, it is guided by the subject's expectations (theories, models), accumulated through species' evolution, and refined by individuals' experience. Its central tenet is that sensing and perceiving can be fully understood only in the context of subjects' ongoing, goal-directed information-gathering activities. Second, neuronal oscillatory dynamics are critical mechanistic components of normal brain operation. Neuronal oscillations reflect rhythmic fluctuations of neuron ensembles between high and low excitability states. Mounting evidence indicates that such rhythmic activity is essential to normal brain operations, and that its disruption contributes to neuropsychiatric disorders. The idea that Active Sensing incorporates neuronal rhythms as fundamental instruments of operation represents an ongoing paradigm shift in systems neuroscience. Our Center is unified by support Cores and a set of mechanistic (linking) hypotheses concerning the “instrumental” functions of neuronal rhythms at local and network scales. The Center integrates electrocorticographic (ECoG) studies in humans with intracortical recordings in monkeys and computational modeling. Our Specific Aims are: AIM 1 – Exploit ECoG's strengths of distributed sampling and direct human brain recording to define dynamical circuits of top-down control and coordination across cortical areas in Active Sensing. To gain a sample size appropriate for our purposes, we will pool subjects across 5 surgical epilepsy centers using a common set of Active Sensing tasks, and a common data format. AIM 2 – Use recordings in nonhuman primates to elucidate and extend ECoG findings in humans. Laminar field potential (FP), current source density (CSD) and multiunit activity (MUA) profiles, along with single unit recordings will be obtained from monkeys performing tasks identical to those studied in humans. AIM 3 – Develop iterative interactions between computational and empirical studies of circuit dynamics at local (cell assembly) and global (brain network) levels. Tracking specific neuronal dynamics from the global-network level in humans down to the cellular and cell ensemble levels in monkeys will yield novel and unique insights into mechanisms of active brain operation. Statistical and Computational modeling will allow rapid exploration of possibilities suggested by ECoG and related multielectrode studies in monkeys, and will help in building accurately representing and integrating our findings across local and global scales.

摘要：两个关键原理定义了我们孔戴中心的核心概念框架。首先，大多数 感觉输入由电动机和/或注意力采样常规积极获取；例如，而不是凝视 茫然，希望某些东西会“落入我们的目光”，我们用眼睛积极扫描可见的环境 动作。即使进行修复，我们也可以通过转移注意力来积极（尽管秘密）扫描环境。 听觉环境的相应“扫描”采用更涵盖的注意抽样策略，但 同样活跃。结果，主动感应（即投入的战略性，目标驱动的取样）是“预测的” 这是受试者的期望（理论，模型）的指导，通过物种的进化积累， 由个人的经验提炼。它的核心宗旨是，感应和感知只能完全理解 在受试者正在进行的，目标指导的信息收集活动的背景下。其次，神经元振荡 动力学是正常大脑操作的关键机械组成部分。神经元振荡反映了 高兴奋性状态和低兴奋性状态之间的神经元集合的节奏波动。越来越多的证据 表明这种节奏活动对于正常的大脑操作至关重要，并且其干扰有助于 致神经精神疾病。主动传感将神经元的节奏作为基本的想法 操作工具代表了系统神经科学的范围转变。我们的中心是统一的 通过支持核心以及一组有关“工具”功能的机械（链接）假设 局部和网络量表的神经元节奏。该中心整合了皮质学（ECOG）研究 在猴子和计算建模中具有心脏记录的人。我们的具体目的是：目标1 - 利用ECOG的分布式抽样和直接人脑记录的优势来定义动态电路 在主动感应中跨皮质区域的自上而下的控制和协调。获得样本量 适合我们的目的，我们将使用一组共同的一组，在5个手术癫痫中心汇总受试者 主动传感任务和通用数据格式。目标2 - 使用非人类隐私中的录音来阐明 并扩展人类的ECOG发现。层流电位（FP），电流源密度（CSD）和多单位 活动（MUA）配置文件以及单个单位记录将从执行任务的猴子获得 与那些在人类中研究的人相同。目标3 - 在计算和 局部（细胞组件）和全球（大脑网络）水平的电路动力学的经验研究。特定跟踪 来自人类全球网络水平的神经元动力学一直到细胞和细胞集合水平 猴子将对主动脑操作机制产生新颖而独特的见解。统计和 计算建模将允许快速探索ECOG和相关的可能性 猴子中的多电极研究，将有助于准确地代表和整合我们的发现 跨本地和全球量表。