Biodemography of Exceptional Longevity in the United States

美国超长寿命的生物人口学

• 批准号: 7583023
• 负责人: Leonid A. Gavrilov
• 金额: $ 25.16万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL OPINION RESEARCH CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-01-01 至 2013-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7583023
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adult; Age; Aging; Behavioral; Biogenesis; Biography; Biological; Birth; Birth Order; Birth Place; Censuses; Centenarian; Characteristics; Chicago; Childhood; Collaborations; Communicable Diseases; Communities; Data; Data Set; Data Sources; Databases; Demographic Aging; Development; Disease; Elderly; Environment; Environmental Risk Factor; Event; Expenditure; Family; Family Reconstitutions; Funding; Future; Gender; Gender Role; Genealogy; Genetic; Goals; Grant; Health; Health Planning; Health Policy; Healthcare; Height; Human; Impairment; Individual; Information Technology; Interdisciplinary Study; Internet; Life; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Long-Term Effects; Longevity; Marriage; Measures; Memory; Military Personnel; Mothers; Outcome; Pennsylvania; Pensions; Persons; Pilot Projects; Population; Population Projection; Principal Investigator; Privacy; Process; Public Health; Records; Reproductive Behavior; Reproductive History; Research; Research Infrastructure; Research Personnel; Resources; Running; Sampling; Series; Sex Characteristics; Societies; Socioeconomic Factors; Testing; Time; United States; United States Social Security Administration; Universities; Utah; Wisconsin; abstracting; aging population; biodemography; design; human mortality; improved; insight; longevity gene; male; middle age; policy implication; programs; public health relevance; response; social; socioeconomics; user-friendly; web site; young adult

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Biodemography of Exceptional Longevity in the United States Abstract This project proposes to investigate why some people manage to survive to extreme old age (100+ years) and what are the biological and social correlates of exceptional longevity. These are important issues not only for demographic forecasts of human mortality and population aging, and the policy implications on health-care and pension expenditures, but also for improving our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of human aging and longevity. The project will take advantage of the ongoing revolution in information technology for human longevity studies to examine the determinants of exceptional survival both on individual and population levels, using a rich variety of the U.S. data sources available through the Internet, including Social Security Administration datasets, Census data, family reconstitutions and validated genealogies, and military draft records. Recent findings from the Principal Investigator's pilot study of U.S. centenarians, funded by the Chicago Center on Aging (under NIA grant #P30 AG012857) and the Society of Actuaries, suggest that differences in chances of exceptional survival as large as two or three times can be linked to early-life circumstances, such as mother's age at person's birth, person's birth order, birth place within the United States, and family socioeconomic background. The plasticity of exceptional longevity in response to early-life living conditions indicates that environmental and behavioral factors cannot be overlooked in longevity studies. Even the search for "human longevity genes" could be facilitated when powerful confounding effects of childhood environment are taken into account. This project therefore proposes to explore the effects of early-life living conditions, adult physical characteristics, marriage, and reproductive history on exceptional longevity, and will test a number of related biomedical and social hypotheses. The project is designed as an interdisciplinary study of exceptional human longevity. To contribute to the research infrastructure for subsequent longevity studies world-wide, the Principal Investigator will also develop a database with integrated, matched information on longevity predictor variables, and make it available to the research community on the Internet. The project will allow establishing scientific collaboration of the Center on Aging, NORC/University of Chicago with researchers at the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Utah, and the University of Wisconsin-Madison to study the biodemography of exceptional longevity in an interdisciplinary context. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Demographic aging of the United States has profound public health implications, particularly because centenarians (people living to 100 and beyond) represent one of the most rapidly growing segments of the U.S. population. This study advances understanding of biological, social and environmental factors that favor survival to extreme old ages, including early-life childhood conditions, and it has implications for public health policy, population forecasting and health planning.

描述（由申请人提供）：美国超长寿命的生物人口学 摘要 该项目旨在调查为什么有些人能够活到高龄（100 岁以上），以及超长寿命的生物和社会关联是什么。这些问题不仅对于人类死亡率和人口老龄化的人口预测以及对医疗保健和养老金支出的政策影响，而且对于提高我们对人类老龄化和长寿的基本机制的理解也很重要。该项目将利用人类长寿研究领域正在进行的信息技术革命，利用通过互联网提供的各种美国数据源，包括社会保障管理局的数据集，研究个人和人口层面上超常生存的决定因素，人口普查数据、家庭重组和经过验证的家谱以及征兵记录。首席研究员对美国百岁老人进行的试点研究由芝加哥老龄化中心（NIA 拨款#P30 AG012857）和精算师协会资助，最新发现表明，异常生存机会的差异可能高达两到三倍。与早年生活环境有关，例如出生时母亲的年龄、出生顺序、在美国的出生地点以及家庭社会经济背景。超长寿命对早期生活条件的可塑性表明，在长寿研究中不能忽视环境和行为因素。当考虑到童年环境的强大混杂影响时，甚至可以促进“人类长寿基因”的寻找。因此，该项目拟探讨早期生活条件、成年身体特征、婚姻和生育史对超长寿命的影响，并将检验一些相关的生物医学和社会假设。该项目旨在对人类超长寿命进行跨学科研究。为了为全球随后的长寿研究的研究基础设施做出贡献，首席研究员还将开发一个数据库，其中包含有关长寿预测变量的集成、匹配信息，并将其提供给互联网上的研究界。该项目将允许NORC/芝加哥大学老龄化中心与宾夕法尼亚大学、犹他大学和威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的研究人员建立科学合作，在跨学科背景下研究超长寿命的生物人口学。公共卫生相关性：美国的人口老龄化对公共卫生具有深远的影响，特别是因为百岁老人（活到 100 岁及以上的人）是美国人口中增长最快的群体之一。这项研究增进了对有利于生存到极端老年的生物、社会和环境因素的理解，包括生命早期的儿童状况，并且对公共卫生政策、人口预测和健康规划具有影响。