THE BIODEMOGRAPHY OF HUMAN LONGEVITY--A TRAINING PROGRAM

人类长寿的生物人口统计学--一个培训计划

• 批准号: 6703682
• 负责人: Leonid A. Gavrilov
• 金额: $ 11.96万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL OPINION RESEARCH CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-04-15 至 2006-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6703682
• 关键词: age at pregnancy; age difference; case history; family genetics; family structure /dynamics; gender difference; gene mutation; generation difference; human data; human population study; longevity; parents; sex chromosomes; socioeconomics; statistics /biometry

DESCRIPTION (applicant s abstract): The aim of this application is to permit the investigator with an opportunity to develop his career as an independent scientist in the biodemography of longevity. He has changed both his research approach (from studies of aggregated demographic life tables to the analysis of individual familial longevity records) and country of residence (immigrated to the United States from Russia). The investigator will undertake five years of training, study, research and career development to acquire enhanced research analytical skills in familial data analysis (event history analysis, multivariate survival analysis, multilevel modeling, population genetics), to strengthen his biosocial background and broaden his collaborative network with other U.S. investigators. His host organization, the Center on Aging at NORC/University of Chicago (UC), provides the investigator with an excellent working environment and strongly supports this application. In the proposed research, the investigator will fill a major gap in knowledge regarding long-term, postponed effects of delayed parenting on the life expectancy of adult offspring (life-shortening effects, expected from biological theories of aging). The specific aims of the proposed study are: (1) to determine whether persons born to older fathers have a shorter lifespan (expected as a result of the age-related accumulation of spontaneous mutations in paternal germ cells); to test his preliminary finding that only daughters born to older fathers have shorter lifespans (consistent with the critical importance of mutation load on the paternal X chromosome inherited by daughters only); (2) to analyze the maternal age effects on offspring longevity (in relation to the possible role of age-related accumulation of oxidative damage to mitochondrial DNA in maternal ova cells); (3) to examine the prediction of the X chromosome hypothesis that there should be a specific effect of late grandparental reproduction of maternal grandfathers only on grandsons' longevity; (4) to check the prediction of the parental support hypothesis that for longer lived parents the parental age effects will be less expressed. This research plan allows the investigator to acquire enhanced practical skills and research experience in advanced methods of multivariate statistics, data quality control and database management. The award allows the investigator not only to complete the proposed training and research projects, but also to develop a full-scale long-term research program in the biodemography of human longevity.

描述（申请人摘要）：本申请的目的是允许 调查员有机会作为独立人士发展自己的职业生涯 长寿生物人口学科学家。他改变了他的研究 方法（从汇总人口生命表的研究到分析 个人家族长寿记录）和居住国（移民 从俄罗斯到美国）。研究者将进行五年 培训、学习、研究和职业发展，以获得增强的能力 家族数据分析（事件历史分析， 多变量生存分析、多水平建模、群体遗传学）， 加强他的生物社会背景并扩大他的合作网络 其他美国调查人员。他的主办组织是老龄化中心 NORC/芝加哥大学 (UC) 为研究者提供了出色的 工作环境并强烈支持此应用程序。 在拟议的研究中，研究者将填补知识方面的重大空白 关于延迟养育子女对生活的长期、延迟影响 成年后代的预期（缩短寿命的影响，预计 衰老的生物学理论）。拟议研究的具体目标是： (1) 确定高龄父亲所生的人是否寿命较短 （预计是由于年龄相关的自发突变积累 在父本生殖细胞中）；测试他的初步发现，只有女儿 年长父亲所生的孩子寿命较短（与关键的观点一致） 遗传的父系 X 染色体突变负荷的重要性 仅限女儿）； (2)分析母亲年龄对后代的影响 长寿（与年龄相关积累的可能作用有关） 母体卵细胞中线粒体 DNA 的氧化损伤）； (3) 检验 X染色体假说的预测，即应该有一个特定的 外祖父的晚祖父母生育仅对 孙子的长寿； (4)检查父母支持率的预测 假设对于寿命较长的父母，父母年龄的影响会较小 表示。该研究计划使研究者能够获得增强的 多元先进方法的实践技能和研究经验 统计、数据质量控制和数据库管理。该奖项允许 研究者不仅要完成拟议的培训和研究项目， 还制定了全面的长期研究计划 人类寿命的生物人口学。