"Natural" and "Organic" cigarette descriptors: association with expectancies, subjective effects, topography, and biomarkers of exposure among daily smokers

“天然”和“有机”香烟描述符：与日常吸烟者暴露的预期、主观效果、地形和生物标志物的关联

• 批准号: 10689781
• 负责人: Jennifer Lynn Pearson
• 金额: $ 41.94万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA RENO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-15 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10689781
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Adult; Advertising; Affect; Aldehydes; American; Attitude; Behavior; Belief; Biological; Biological Markers; Biology; Calories; Characteristics; Chemicals; Cigarette; Cigarette Smoker; Data; Descriptor; Enrollment; Exclusion; Expectancy; Exposure to; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Funding; Gender; Goals; Growth; Health; Health Food; Health Knowledge Attitudes Practice; Laboratory Study; Link; Marketing; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Perception; Persons; Pilot Projects; Research; Risk; Sales; Salivary; Shapes; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Smoking and Health Research; Taste Perception; Time; Woman; Work; abuse liability; cigarette advertising; cigarette smoking; combustible cigarette; consumer product; density; design; experience; experimental study; human subject; men; preference; response; theories; tobacco products

PROJECT ABSTRACT Consumers believe that cigarettes with “organic,” “natural,” or similar descriptors are significantly more appealing, healthier, or less harmful than cigarettes without these descriptors. Nationwide, over 45% of US smokers believe that organic tobacco products are less harmful than conventional tobacco products. These misperceptions are even more pronounced among smokers of Natural American Spirit (NAS) cigarettes, who are 22 times more likely than other smokers to believe that their brand might be less harmful. There is some evidence that these misleading descriptors affect potential and current consumers’ smoking behavior, but results are based on self-report. The state of the research does not tell us how smokers interpret the subjective effects of using a “natural” or “organic” tobacco product, nor do we know if smokers’ interpretation of their subjective experience affects their actual smoking behavior and subsequent biological exposures. Guided by response expectancy theory, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between “natural” or “organic” descriptors and health risk expectancies, subjective effects, topography, and resulting biological exposures. Prior experimental research is limited to online brief exposure studies examining changes in health risk expectancies and intentions and has not included NAS smokers, who may have preexisting beliefs about “natural” or “organic” cigarettes that lead to more extreme favorable ratings of “natural” or “organic” cigarettes and more extreme negative ratings of conventional cigarettes than other smokers. The proposed research will examine how expectancies regarding “natural” or “organic” descriptors affect subjective effects (e.g., taste), topography (e.g., total puff volume), and acute exposures (e.g., salivary aldehyde concentrations), linking descriptors with smoking behavior and biomarkers of exposure among daily smokers of NAS and non-NAS cigarettes. To accomplish these aims, we will enroll 250 adult daily cigarette smokers of NAS or non-NAS brands (125 in each group) in a within-subjects human laboratory study manipulating four expectancy conditions (own brand comparator, “natural” advertising, “organic” advertising, “conventional” advertising). Given NAS smokers’ likely preexisting beliefs about natural/organic tobacco products, we will examine moderation by NAS preference in each hypothesis. Given women’s more favorable beliefs about organic products and preliminary data from our team, we will also examine moderation by gender in each hypothesis. This work addresses the FDA Center for Tobacco Products’ (CTP) goal to understand how changes in tobacco product characteristics (i.e., descriptors) are associated with knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Understanding how descriptors affect not only perceptions but also the subjective interpretation of using a cigarette is important as FDA CTP moves forward with regulating not just the packaging, but also the design of tobacco products. These descriptors may affect consumers’ interpretation of the subjective effects of smoking, leading to unexpected responses to regulatory actions meant to reduce the abuse liability or appeal of a product.

项目摘要 消费者认为，具有“有机”，“自然”或类似描述符的香烟更具吸引力， 没有这些描述符，比文明更健康，有害。在全国范围内，超过45％的吸烟者认为 有机烟草产品的危害不如常规烟草产品。这些误解甚至更多 在天然精神（NAS）香烟的吸烟者中宣布，他们的可能性是其他人的22倍 吸烟者相信自己的品牌可能会减少危害。有一些证据表明这些误导性描述会影响 潜在和当前消费者的吸烟行为，但结果是基于自我报告的。研究状态没有 告诉我们吸烟者如何解释使用“天然”或“有机”烟草产品的主观效果，也不知道是否知道是否是否知道 吸烟者对主观经验的解释会影响他们的实际吸烟行为，并随后生物学 暴露。在回应期望理论的指导下，本研究的目的是检查 “自然”或“有机”的描述符以及健康风险期望，主观效果，地形以及由此产生的生物学 暴露。先前的实验研究仅限于在线简短的暴露研究，以检查健康风险的变化 期望和意图，不包括吸烟者，他们可能对“自然”或 “有机”香烟会导致“自然”或“有机”香烟的更极高的评级和更极端 与其他吸烟者相比，常规香烟的负评级为负。拟议的研究将研究期望如何 相关的“自然”或“有机”描述符会影响主观效应（例如，口味），地形（例如，总泡芙体积）， 和急性暴露（例如唾液醛浓度），将描述符与吸烟行为和生物标志物联系起来 NAS和非NAS香烟的日常吸烟者暴露。为了实现这些目标，我们将注册250个成人 在受试者内实验室研究中 操纵四种预期条件（自己的品牌比较器，“自然”广告，“有机”广告， “常规”广告）。鉴于NAS吸烟者可能对天然/有机烟草产品的先前信念，我们 将在每个假设中通过NAS偏好检查适度。鉴于妇女对有机的更有利的信念 我们团队的产品和初步数据，我们还将在每个假设中通过性别进行节制。这项工作 解决FDA烟草产品（CTP）的目标，以了解烟草产品的变化如何 特征（即描述符）与知识，参与者和行为有关。了解如何 描述符不仅影响感知，而且影响使用香烟的主观解释很重要，因为FDA CTP 不仅包装，还可以通过烟草产品的设计进行调节。这些描述符可能 影响消费者对吸烟的主观影响的解释，导致对监管的意外反应 旨在减少产品的滥用责任或外观的行动。