"Natural" and "Organic" cigarette descriptors: association with expectancies, subjective effects, topography, and biomarkers of exposure among daily smokers

“天然”和“有机”香烟描述符：与日常吸烟者暴露的预期、主观效果、地形和生物标志物的关联

• 批准号: 10487511
• 负责人: Jennifer Lynn Pearson
• 金额: $ 45.79万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA RENO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-15 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10487511
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Adult; Advertising; Affect; Aldehydes; American; Attitude; Behavior; Belief; Biological; Biological Markers; Biology; Calories; Characteristics; Chemicals; Cigarette; Cigarette Smoker; Data; Descriptor; Enrollment; Expectancy; Exposure to; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Funding; Gender; Goals; Growth; Health; Health Food; Health Knowledge Attitudes Practice; Laboratory Study; Lead; Link; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Perception; Persons; Pilot Projects; Research; Risk; Sales; Salivary; Shapes; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Smoking and Health Research; Taste Perception; Time; Woman; Work; abuse liability; base; cigarette advertising; cigarette smoking; combustible cigarette; consumer product; density; design; experience; experimental study; human subject; men; preference; response; theories; tobacco products

PROJECT ABSTRACT Consumers believe that cigarettes with “organic,” “natural,” or similar descriptors are significantly more appealing, healthier, or less harmful than cigarettes without these descriptors. Nationwide, over 45% of US smokers believe that organic tobacco products are less harmful than conventional tobacco products. These misperceptions are even more pronounced among smokers of Natural American Spirit (NAS) cigarettes, who are 22 times more likely than other smokers to believe that their brand might be less harmful. There is some evidence that these misleading descriptors affect potential and current consumers’ smoking behavior, but results are based on self-report. The state of the research does not tell us how smokers interpret the subjective effects of using a “natural” or “organic” tobacco product, nor do we know if smokers’ interpretation of their subjective experience affects their actual smoking behavior and subsequent biological exposures. Guided by response expectancy theory, the purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between “natural” or “organic” descriptors and health risk expectancies, subjective effects, topography, and resulting biological exposures. Prior experimental research is limited to online brief exposure studies examining changes in health risk expectancies and intentions and has not included NAS smokers, who may have preexisting beliefs about “natural” or “organic” cigarettes that lead to more extreme favorable ratings of “natural” or “organic” cigarettes and more extreme negative ratings of conventional cigarettes than other smokers. The proposed research will examine how expectancies regarding “natural” or “organic” descriptors affect subjective effects (e.g., taste), topography (e.g., total puff volume), and acute exposures (e.g., salivary aldehyde concentrations), linking descriptors with smoking behavior and biomarkers of exposure among daily smokers of NAS and non-NAS cigarettes. To accomplish these aims, we will enroll 250 adult daily cigarette smokers of NAS or non-NAS brands (125 in each group) in a within-subjects human laboratory study manipulating four expectancy conditions (own brand comparator, “natural” advertising, “organic” advertising, “conventional” advertising). Given NAS smokers’ likely preexisting beliefs about natural/organic tobacco products, we will examine moderation by NAS preference in each hypothesis. Given women’s more favorable beliefs about organic products and preliminary data from our team, we will also examine moderation by gender in each hypothesis. This work addresses the FDA Center for Tobacco Products’ (CTP) goal to understand how changes in tobacco product characteristics (i.e., descriptors) are associated with knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Understanding how descriptors affect not only perceptions but also the subjective interpretation of using a cigarette is important as FDA CTP moves forward with regulating not just the packaging, but also the design of tobacco products. These descriptors may affect consumers’ interpretation of the subjective effects of smoking, leading to unexpected responses to regulatory actions meant to reduce the abuse liability or appeal of a product.

项目摘要 消费者认为带有“有机”、“天然”或类似描述的卷烟明显更具吸引力， 在全国范围内，超过 45% 的吸烟者认为，这种香烟比没有这些描述的香烟更健康或危害更小。 有机烟草产品比传统烟草产品危害更小，这些误解甚至更大。 在吸食美国天然烈酒 (NAS) 香烟的人群中这一现象尤为明显，他们的可能性是其他香烟的 22 倍 吸烟者相信他们的品牌可能危害较小。有一些证据表明这些误导性的描述会产生影响。 潜在和当前消费者的吸烟行为，但结果基于自我报告，但研究状态并非如此。 告诉我们吸烟者如何解释使用“天然”或“有机”烟草产品的主观效果，我们也不知道是否 吸烟者对其主观体验的解释会影响他们的实际吸烟行为以及随后的生物学行为 在反应预期理论的指导下，本研究的目的是检验两者之间的关系。 “自然”或“有机”描述符和健康风险预期、主观影响、地形以及由此产生的生物 先前的实验研究仅限于检查健康风险变化的在线简短暴露研究。 期望和意图，并且不包括 NAS 吸烟者，他们可能对“自然”或“自然”有预先存在的信念 “有机”卷烟导致对“天然”或“有机”卷烟的更极端的有利评级以及更极端的评价 拟议的研究将调查对传统香烟的负面评价如何。 关于“天然”或“有机”描述符会影响主观效果（例如味道）、地形（例如总抽吸量）、 和急性暴露（例如唾液醛浓度），将描述符与吸烟行为和生物标志物联系起来 为了实现这些目标，我们将招募 250 名成年人。 在一项受试者体内人体实验室研究中，每天吸烟 NAS 或非 NAS 品牌香烟的人（每组 125 名） 操纵四个预期条件（自有品牌比较器、“自然”广告、“有机”广告、 考虑到 NAS 吸烟者可能对天然/有机烟草产品存在的信念，我们 考虑到女性对有机食品更有利的信念，我们将检查每个假设中 NAS 偏好的调节作用。 的产品和我们团队的初步数据，我们还将在这项工作中检查每个假设中的性别调节。 满足 FDA 烟草产品中心 (CTP) 的目标，即了解烟草产品如何发生变化 特征（即描述符）与知识、态度和行为相关。 描述符不仅影响感知，而且影响使用香烟的主观解释，这一点很重要，因为 FDA CTP 不仅要规范烟草产品的包装，还要规范烟草产品的设计。 影响消费者对吸烟主观影响的解释，导致对监管的意外反应 旨在减少产品的滥用责任或吸引力的行动。