Near Highway Pollution: From Research to Action

公路附近污染：从研究到行动

• 批准号: 9352853
• 负责人: Doug Brugge
• 金额: $ 47.02万
• 依托单位: TUFTS UNIVERSITY BOSTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-30 至 2021-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9352853
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Adult; Air; Air Pollution; American; Architecture; Area; Attention; Authorship; Biological Markers; Biomass; Blood; Blood Pressure; Boston; Breathing; Caliber; Carbon Black; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular system; Cessation of life; Chemicals; Chronic; Chronic Disease; Coal; Collaborations; Communities; Community Developments; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Data Collection; Drops; Education; Environmental Health; Environmental air flow; Exercise; Exposure to; Filtration; Foundations; Funding; Goals; Health; Health Benefit; Heart Rate; Hour; Housing; Indoor Air Quality; Knowledge; Learning; Literature; Maps; Measurable; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Morbidity - disease rate; Motor Vehicles; Observational Study; Outcome; Paper; Participant; Particulate Matter; Petroleum; Policies; Pollution; Process; Productivity; Public Health; Publishing; Puerto Rican; Qualitative Evaluations; Research; Research Design; Research Project Grants; Risk; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Role; School Teachers; School-Age Population; Schools; Science; Social Sciences; System; Testing; Time; Training; Translating; Translation Process; Work; Youth; air filter; air filtration; cardiovascular disorder risk; cardiovascular risk factor; cohort; community based participatory research; community planning; demographics; density; design; experience; experimental study; health literacy; high school; improved; innovation; knowledge base; member; meter; metropolitan; mortality; multidisciplinary; novel; particle exposure; pollutant; public health research; research study; residence; respiratory; response; success; traffic-related air pollution; ultrafine particle; young adult

Abstract Ultrafine particles (UFP) are elevated locally near areas of concentrated motor vehicles. Evidence is strong that living near highways or major roadways is associated with increased risk of respiratory, cardiovascular and other adverse health outcomes. In recent work, we have shown associations between chronic exposure to UFP and blood biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk. Our work has been conducted as community-based participatory research (CBPR) with involvement of community representatives in all aspects of the science. We have published almost 30 papers showing capacity for high productivity. This proposal builds on what we have learned regarding UFP characterization, risk assessment, and exposure mitigation. We propose a youth- engaged (N=45) project that translates our current knowledge base about use of air filtration in building ventilation systems into practice in two of our partner communities. We will use an adaption of the Interactive Systems Framework for Dissemination and Implementation (ISF) as a guide and we map each step of the process for translation onto this framework. We start with research on the surprisingly understudied problem of benefits of reducing exposure to traffic pollution. We will conduct exposure experiments with 75 adult participants from our two partner communities. Participants will be exposed to unfiltered and filtered air from a building ventilation system while their blood pressure and heart rate are measured. We will evaluate air quality indoors and outdoors by measuring UFP, black carbon and PM2.5 concentrations. Next, we will translate our research results into practice using Health Impact Assessments (HIAs) and a community-engagement process. The HIAs will assess the potential health benefits of widespread use of improved filtration in building ventilation systems in the communities. The subsequent community engaged process will consist of design charrettes (architectural planning exercises) followed by attempts to influence actual building designs. The charrettes will engage multidisciplinary teams seeking to alter the design of new or retrofitted housing or schools so that they use more protective air filtration. The process of moving our research knowledge into practice will be the subject of social science studies. We will use validated and standard scales as well as qualitative data to assess whether youth participation increases active citizenship and environmental health literacy. There will be a qualitative evaluation of the community processes to learn more about how the relevant science can influence community-level practice. The use of design charrettes in public health research is, to our knowledge, novel. Our proposed research is highly significant and innovative in that millions of Americans live near heavy traffic and little rigorous work has addressed either the health benefits of air filtration or how to influence air handling system design in communities. The combined impact of this work will be improved understanding of how to mitigate the effects of UFP exposure in local communities which could contribute to improving public health.

抽象的 超铁颗粒（UFP）在集中车辆的区域附近局部升高。证据很强 居住在高速公路或主要道路附近的呼吸道风险增加，心血管和 其他不良健康结果。在最近的工作中，我们显示了长期暴露于 心血管疾病风险的UFP和血液生物标志物。我们的工作是作为基于社区的 参与性研究（CBPR）与社区代表参与了科学的各个方面。 我们发表了将近30篇论文，显示了高生产率的能力。该提议以我们的作用为基础 已经了解了关于UFP表征，风险评估和减轻暴露的知识。我们建议一个青年 - 参与（n = 45）项目，该项目转化了我们当前关于在建筑中使用空气过滤的知识基础 在我们的两个合作伙伴社区中，通风系统实践。我们将使用互动的改编 作为指导的传播和实施的系统框架（ISF），我们绘制 将翻译到此框架的过程。我们首先研究了令人惊讶的研究的问题 减少暴露污染的好处。我们将对75个成人进行暴露实验 来自我们两个合作伙伴社区的参与者。参与者将暴露于未经过滤和过滤的空气中 在测量血压和心率的同时，建筑通风系统。我们将评估空气质量 通过测量UFP，黑碳和PM2.5浓度，在室内和户外。接下来，我们将翻译我们的 使用健康影响评估（HIA）和社区参与过程进行研究结果。 HIA将评估广泛使用改进过滤的潜在健康益处 社区中的系统。随后的社区参与过程将包括设计Charrettes （建筑规划练习）随后试图影响实际的建筑设计。 Charrettes会 参与寻求改变新建或改造的住房或学校设计的多学科团队，以便他们 使用更多的保护性空气过滤。将我们的研究知识转移到实践的过程将是 社会科学研究的主题。我们将使用经过验证和标准量表以及定性数据 评估青年参与是否增加了积极的公民身份和环境健康素养。会在那里 成为对社区流程的定性评估，以了解有关相关科学如何能够了解的更多信息 影响社区级的实践。在我们的公共卫生研究中使用设计志 知识，新颖。我们拟议的研究非常重要和创新，因为数百万美国人居住 交通繁忙，几乎没有严格的工作已经解决了空气过滤的健康益处或如何 影响社区的空气处理系统设计。这项工作的综合影响将得到改善 了解如何减轻UFP暴露在本地社区的影响，这可能有助于 改善公共卫生。