Community Assessment of Freeway Pollution and Health

高速公路污染与健康的社区评估

基本信息

批准号：
7637978
负责人：
Doug Brugge
金额：
$ 57.33万
依托单位：
TUFTS UNIVERSITY BOSTON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2008-06-13 至 2013-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7637978
关键词：
Abbreviations Address Adult Adult asthma Affect Air Air Pollutants Air Pollution American Area Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons Awareness Binding Biological Markers Blood specimen Boston C-reactive protein Caliber California Carbon Carbon Black Carbon Monoxide Cardiac Cardiovascular system Child Childhood Asthma Chinese People Cities Communities Community Participation Commuting Data Collection Data Set Development Engineering Europe Exposure to Faculty Fibrinogen Goals Health Health Status Household Housing Incidence Individual Inflammation Institutes Letters Life Link Low income Lung Measurement Measures Minority Monitor Morbidity - disease rate Motor Vehicles Nature Neighborhoods Nitrogen Dioxide Outcome Particulate Particulate Matter Persons Play Policies Pollution Prevalence Protein C Public Housing Public Policy Pulmonary function tests Railroads Regression Analysis Reporting Research Research Design Research Personnel Respiratory physiology Review Literature Risk Role Schools Science Site Source Surveys Testing Time Training Transportation Ultrafine Universities Work abstracting community based participatory research community living community organizations design exhaust experience foot health disparity heart disease risk inflammatory marker interest mathematical model medical schools meter mortality non-smoking particle pollutant public health relevance pulmonary function research study response risk perception trafficking ultrafine particle volatile organic compound

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project Summary/Abstract We propose a CBPR study of the relationship between air pollution gradients and health effects in individuals living next to major highways. There is evidence that (1) people living close to highways experience significantly elevated exposures to constituents of motor vehicle exhaust including ultrafine particles (UFP; 0.01-1 microns) and black carbon; and (2) that motor vehicle pollution is associated with cardiac mortality and morbidity in adults, and asthma and reduced lung function in children. C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker of risk for cardiac illness, has been shown to increase in response to changes in particulate exposure, making it a viable indicator of the potential impact on cardiac health. Our core study involves measuring 5 traffic-related pollutants (i.e., UFP, PM2.5, NOx, CO, black carbon, particulate PAH) in 6 neighborhoods within 400 meters of highways through in the Boston area. A background site >1000 m from highways will also be monitored. We will compete a scientific survey of residents living in the neighborhoods to determine pediatric asthma prevalence. We will determine the time residents spent within the near highway zone currently and rigorously measure highway pollution gradients in the neighborhoods. We will document exposures at work, school and while commuting. For a subset of non-smoking households we will obtain pulmonary function tests from children and analyze multiple blood samples per person from adults for CRP and fibrinogen. Our study will be (1) the first to test associations between highway pollution gradients and biological markers of health, (2) the first CBPR study of highway pollution, and (3) the most comprehensive collection of data on time spent in the exposure zone and many confounders and effect modifiers. We will conduct bivariate and regression analyses and have developed preliminary mathematical models that frame our approach to analyzing the large set of data. Our team consists of faculty at Tufts University and 6 co- investigators from community organizations that are concerned about the impact of highways on the health of residents in their communities. We will train and hire field staff from the communities and have an advisory board. We will link community participation to the science through participation in our steering committee and through our advisory board. Our study is designed to report useful information locally as well as influence pressing national policy needs. This proposal was developed to actively involve communities living very near to major highways in scientific research on the health effects of pollutant gradients coming off the highways (to about 200 meters). The study emphasizes the role of ultrafine particles on development of asthma in children, reduction of lung function in non-asthmatic children and increases in markers of inflammation and heart disease risk (C-reactive protein) in adults. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This proposal was developed to actively involve communities living very near to major highways in scientific research on the health effects of pollutant gradients coming off the highways (to about 200 meters). The study emphasizes the role of ultrafine particles on development of asthma in children, reduction of lung function in non-asthmatic children and increases in markers of inflammation and heart disease risk (C-reactive protein) in adults.

描述（由申请人提供）：项目摘要/摘要我们提出一项 CBPR 研究，研究空气污染梯度与居住在主要高速公路旁边的个人的健康影响之间的关系。有证据表明 (1) 居住在高速公路附近的人们对机动车尾气成分的暴露显着增加，其中包括超细颗粒（UFP；0.01-1 微米）和炭黑； (2) 机动车污染与成人心脏死亡率和发病率、儿童哮喘和肺功能下降有关。 C反应蛋白（CRP）是心脏病风险的炎症标志物，已被证明会随着颗粒物暴露的变化而增加，使其成为对心脏健康潜在影响的可行指标。我们的核心研究涉及测量波士顿地区高速公路 400 米范围内 6 个社区的 5 种与交通相关的污染物（即 UFP、PM2.5、NOx、CO、黑碳、颗粒状 PAH）。距高速公路 >1000 米的背景地点也将受到监控。我们将对居住在社区的居民进行一项科学调查，以确定小儿哮喘患病率。我们将确定目前居民在邻近高速公路区域内停留的时间，严格测量社区内的高速公路污染梯度。我们将记录工作、学校和通勤时的暴露情况。对于部分非吸烟家庭，我们将对儿童进行肺功能测试，并分析每人成人的多个血液样本中的 CRP 和纤维蛋白原。我们的研究将是（1）第一个测试高速公路污染梯度与健康生物标志物之间关联的研究，（2）第一个关于高速公路污染的 CBPR 研究，以及（3）最全面的暴露区域时间数据收集以及许多混杂因素和效果调节剂。我们将进行双变量和回归分析，并开发出初步的数学模型来构建我们分析大量数据的方法。我们的团队由塔夫茨大学的教职人员和来自社区组织的 6 名联合调查员组成，他们关心高速公路对其社区居民健康的影响。我们将培训和雇用来自社区的现场工作人员，并设立一个顾问委员会。我们将通过参与指导委员会和顾问委员会将社区参与与科学联系起来。我们的研究旨在报告当地有用的信息并影响紧迫的国家政策需求。制定该提案的目的是积极让居住在主要高速公路附近的社区参与有关高速公路（约 200 米）污染物梯度对健康影响的科学研究。该研究强调了超细颗粒对儿童哮喘发展、非哮喘儿童肺功能降低以及成人炎症和心脏病风险标记物（C 反应蛋白）增加的作用。公共健康相关性：制定本提案的目的是为了积极让居住在主要高速公路附近的社区参与有关高速公路（约 200 米）污染物梯度对健康影响的科学研究。该研究强调了超细颗粒对儿童哮喘发展、非哮喘儿童肺功能降低以及成人炎症和心脏病风险标记物（C 反应蛋白）增加的作用。