Community Assessment of Freeway Pollution and Health

高速公路污染与健康的社区评估

基本信息

批准号：
7637978
负责人：
Doug Brugge
金额：
$ 57.33万
依托单位：
TUFTS UNIVERSITY BOSTON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2008-06-13 至 2013-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7637978
关键词：
Abbreviations Address Adult Adult asthma Affect Air Air Pollutants Air Pollution American Area Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons Awareness Binding Biological Markers Blood specimen Boston C-reactive protein Caliber California Carbon Carbon Black Carbon Monoxide Cardiac Cardiovascular system Child Childhood Asthma Chinese People Cities Communities Community Participation Commuting Data Collection Data Set Development Engineering Europe Exposure to Faculty Fibrinogen Goals Health Health Status Household Housing Incidence Individual Inflammation Institutes Letters Life Link Low income Lung Measurement Measures Minority Monitor Morbidity - disease rate Motor Vehicles Nature Neighborhoods Nitrogen Dioxide Outcome Particulate Particulate Matter Persons Play Policies Pollution Prevalence Protein C Public Housing Public Policy Pulmonary function tests Railroads Regression Analysis Reporting Research Research Design Research Personnel Respiratory physiology Review Literature Risk Role Schools Science Site Source Surveys Testing Time Training Transportation Ultrafine Universities Work abstracting community based participatory research community living community organizations design exhaust experience foot health disparity heart disease risk inflammatory marker interest mathematical model medical schools meter mortality non-smoking particle pollutant public health relevance pulmonary function research study response risk perception trafficking ultrafine particle volatile organic compound

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project Summary/Abstract We propose a CBPR study of the relationship between air pollution gradients and health effects in individuals living next to major highways. There is evidence that (1) people living close to highways experience significantly elevated exposures to constituents of motor vehicle exhaust including ultrafine particles (UFP; 0.01-1 microns) and black carbon; and (2) that motor vehicle pollution is associated with cardiac mortality and morbidity in adults, and asthma and reduced lung function in children. C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammatory marker of risk for cardiac illness, has been shown to increase in response to changes in particulate exposure, making it a viable indicator of the potential impact on cardiac health. Our core study involves measuring 5 traffic-related pollutants (i.e., UFP, PM2.5, NOx, CO, black carbon, particulate PAH) in 6 neighborhoods within 400 meters of highways through in the Boston area. A background site >1000 m from highways will also be monitored. We will compete a scientific survey of residents living in the neighborhoods to determine pediatric asthma prevalence. We will determine the time residents spent within the near highway zone currently and rigorously measure highway pollution gradients in the neighborhoods. We will document exposures at work, school and while commuting. For a subset of non-smoking households we will obtain pulmonary function tests from children and analyze multiple blood samples per person from adults for CRP and fibrinogen. Our study will be (1) the first to test associations between highway pollution gradients and biological markers of health, (2) the first CBPR study of highway pollution, and (3) the most comprehensive collection of data on time spent in the exposure zone and many confounders and effect modifiers. We will conduct bivariate and regression analyses and have developed preliminary mathematical models that frame our approach to analyzing the large set of data. Our team consists of faculty at Tufts University and 6 co- investigators from community organizations that are concerned about the impact of highways on the health of residents in their communities. We will train and hire field staff from the communities and have an advisory board. We will link community participation to the science through participation in our steering committee and through our advisory board. Our study is designed to report useful information locally as well as influence pressing national policy needs. This proposal was developed to actively involve communities living very near to major highways in scientific research on the health effects of pollutant gradients coming off the highways (to about 200 meters). The study emphasizes the role of ultrafine particles on development of asthma in children, reduction of lung function in non-asthmatic children and increases in markers of inflammation and heart disease risk (C-reactive protein) in adults. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This proposal was developed to actively involve communities living very near to major highways in scientific research on the health effects of pollutant gradients coming off the highways (to about 200 meters). The study emphasizes the role of ultrafine particles on development of asthma in children, reduction of lung function in non-asthmatic children and increases in markers of inflammation and heart disease risk (C-reactive protein) in adults.

描述（由申请人提供）：项目摘要/摘要我们提出了CBPR研究，对生活在主要高速公路旁边的个人中空气污染梯度与健康影响之间的关系。有证据表明，（1）居住在高速公路附近的人经历了对机动车辆排气组成部分的暴露，包括超铁颗粒（UFP； 0.01-1微米）和黑碳；（2）机动车污染与成人的心脏死亡率和发病率有关，儿童哮喘和肺功能降低。 C反应蛋白（CRP）是心脏病风险的炎症标志物，已显示出对颗粒暴露变化的响应，使其成为对心脏健康的潜在影响的可行指标。我们的核心研究涉及在波士顿地区的6个高速公路内的6个社区中测量5种与交通相关的污染物（即UFP，PM2.5，NOX，CO，黑碳，颗粒PAH）。从高速公路上> 1000 m的背景站点也将受到监视。我们将对生活在社区中的居民进行科学调查，以确定儿科哮喘患病率。我们将确定居民目前在近公路区域内花费的时间，并严格衡量社区中的高速公路污染梯度。我们将记录工作，学校和通勤时的暴露。对于非吸烟家庭的子集，我们将从儿童那里获得肺功能测试，并分析来自成人的每人多种血液样本，以了解CRP和纤维蛋白原。我们的研究将是（1）第一个测试公路污染梯度与健康的生物标志物之间的关联，（2）公路污染的首次CBPR研究，以及（3）最全面的数据收集到曝光区和许多混杂因素和效果修饰符上所花费的时间。我们将进行双变量和回归分析，并开发出初步的数学模型，以构建我们分析大量数据集的方法。我们的团队由塔夫茨大学（Tufts University）的教职员工和来自社区组织的6名合作者组成，他们关注高速公路对社区居民健康的影响。我们将培训和雇用社区的野外人员，并拥有一个顾问委员会。我们将通过参与我们的指导委员会和我们的顾问委员会将社区参与与科学联系起来。我们的研究旨在在本地报告有用的信息，并影响迫切的国家政策需求。这项提案的发展是为了使社区非常涉及靠近主要高速公路的社区，这是对高速公路上污染物梯度的健康影响（约200米）的健康影响的科学研究。这项研究强调了超细颗粒在儿童哮喘发展，非心血症儿童中肺功能的降低以及炎症和心脏病风险（C反应蛋白）的作用。公共卫生相关性：这项提案是为了积极地涉及靠近主要高速公路的社区，这是对高速公路上污染物梯度的健康影响的科学研究（约200米）。这项研究强调了超细颗粒在儿童哮喘发展，非心血症儿童中肺功能的降低以及炎症和心脏病风险（C反应蛋白）的作用。