Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive Control

认知控制的双重机制

• 批准号: 8670768
• 负责人: TODD S BRAVER
• 金额: $ 68.78万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-08-15 至 2018-03-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8670768
• 关键词: Accounting; Alzheimer' s Disease; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Base of the Brain; Behavioral; Benchmarking; Brain; Brain region; Clinical; Cognitive; Communities; Cues; Data; Decision Making; Development; Dimensions; Disease; Dissociation; Episodic memory; Experimental Designs; Forms Controls; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Genetic; Genetic Polymorphism; Genetic Variation; Goals; Human; Individual; Individual Differences; Intelligence; Knowledge; Link; Liquid substance; Maps; Measures; Memory; Mental Depression; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Modeling; National Institute of Mental Health; Neurosciences Research; Parkinson Disease; Participant; Pattern; Policies; Population; Process; Property; Protocols documentation; Psyche structure; Psychometrics; Recording of previous events; Recruitment Activity; Research; Research Domain Criteria; Risk; Sampling; Sampling Studies; Scanning; Schizophrenia; Short-Term Memory; Siblings; Source; Task Performances; Testing; Twin Multiple Birth; Variant; Work; addiction; base; brain behavior; cognitive control; data modeling; data sharing; design; endophenotype; functional disability; genetic variant; healthy aging; indexing; interest; neural circuit; neuromechanism; neuropsychiatry; programs; psychologic; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; scale up; selective attention; success; theories; trait

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project focuses on understanding the psychological and neural mechanisms that give rise to cognitive control. Cognitive control processes are a component of human mental function that is fundamentally important in a wide range of domains, including attention, working memory, episodic memory, and decision making. Cognitive control disruptions are thought to be a major source of functional impairment for individuals suffering from a variety of mental health disorders and neuropsychiatric diseases (e.g., schizophrenia, depression, ADHD, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, etc). Prior research, conducted over the last decade, has suggested that there may be a core dimension of variability related to the temporal dynamics and neural circuitry of cognitive control, which is reflected in shifts between two qualitatively distinct modes of control, proactive and reactive. This work has provided a strong experimental base of findings suggesting that this variability is: a) present in healthy individuals and occurs across a range of cognitive domains, b) observable in terms of unique dynamic neural signatures, and c) likely contributing to behavioral deficits in impaired populations (e.g., healthy aging, schizophrenia). However, to date, this research has been confined to small-scale studies focusing on single tasks and using restricted participant samples. In the current proposal represents a rigorous and ambitious attempt to "scale up" this research endeavor, through a large-sample study, involving within-subject fMRI assessments in multiple cognitive control domains, a combined correlational/experimental design, extensive characterization of individual differences variation, and sophisticated psychometric and statistical data modeling. A key feature of the proposed project is its integration and synergistic relationship with the on-going Human Connectome Project (HCP), which will provide the most comprehensive characterization of normative human brain function and variation in the history of neuroscience research. Specifically, as part of the current project, a subset of HCP participants (a diverse and well-characterized sample of MZ/DZ twins) will be recruited for retesting in tasks that are specifically designed to probe and dissociate proactive and reactive control, while utilizing the same fMRI scanner, acquisition, analysis and databasing protocols of the HCP. This will enable the project to achieve tight integration and linkage with comprehensive brain connectivity and genetic data acquired through the HCP. The key goal of the project will be to test and validate the provocative hypothesis that proactive and reactive control form distinct and coherent endophenotypic constructs that provide a bridge between genetic variation, neural circuitry and dynamics, and observable behavioral profiles. Success is in this effort will have important theoretical and clinical implications, by providing a clearer understanding of the sources of normal human variation, and even more importantly, highlighting potential risk vulnerability factors for a range of mental health disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目侧重于理解引起认知控制的心理和神经机制。认知控制过程是人类心理功能的一个组成部分，在注意力、工作记忆、情景记忆和决策等广泛领域中至关重要。认知控制破坏被认为是患有各种精神健康障碍和神经精神疾病（例如精神分裂症、抑郁症、多动症、帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病等）的个体功能障碍的主要原因。过去十年进行的先前研究表明，可能存在与认知控制的时间动态和神经回路相关的核心变异性维度，这反映在两种性质不同的控制模式（主动和反应）之间的转变。这项工作提供了强有力的实验基础，表明这种变异性是：a）存在于健康个体中，并发生在一系列认知领域，b）可以通过独特的动态神经特征观察到，c）可能导致行为缺陷受损人群（例如健康老龄化、精神分裂症）。然而，迄今为止，这项研究仅限于专注于单一任务并使用有限的参与者样本的小规模研究。目前的提案代表了一项严格而雄心勃勃的尝试，通过大样本研究“扩大”这项研究工作，涉及多个认知控制领域的受试者内功能磁共振成像评估、组合相关/实验设计、个体差异的广泛表征变化以及复杂的心理测量和统计数据建模。拟议项目的一个关键特点是其整合性和协同性 与正在进行的人类连接组计划（HCP）的关系，该计划将提供神经科学研究史上规范人类大脑功能和变化的最全面的表征。具体来说，作为当前项目的一部分，将招募一部分 HCP 参与者（MZ/DZ 双胞胎的多样化且特征明确的样本）进行重新测试，这些任务专门设计用于探索和分离主动和被动控制，同时利用与 HCP 相同的功能磁共振成像扫描仪、采集、分析和数据库协议。这将使该项目能够与通过 HCP 获取的全面大脑连接和遗传数据实现紧密集成和链接。该项目的主要目标是测试和验证一个令人兴奋的假设，即主动和反应控制形成独特且连贯的内表型结构，在遗传变异、神经回路和动力学以及可观察的行为特征之间架起一座桥梁。这项工作的成功将产生重要的理论和临床意义，通过提供对正常人类变异来源的更清晰的理解，更重要的是，强调一系列精神健康疾病的潜在风险脆弱性因素。