NEUROECONOMICS OF COGNITIVE EFFORT

认知努力的神经经济学

• 批准号: 8970538
• 负责人: TODD S BRAVER
• 金额: $ 26.69万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-05-18 至 2017-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8970538
• 关键词: Academic achievement; Address; Anterior; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Base of the Brain; Behavior Control; Behavioral; Brain region; Clinical; Cognitive; Communication; Decision Making; Diagnosis; Dimensions; Disease; Economics; Experimental Designs; Failure; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Impairment; Individual; Individual Differences; Intelligence Tests; Intervention; Knowledge; Literature; Major Depressive Disorder; Measures; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Methodology; Methods; Monitor; Motivation; Outcome; Participant; Pattern; Performance; Physical Efforts; Play; Prefrontal Cortex; Procedures; Psyche structure; Psychopathology; Relative (related person); Research; Rewards; Risk; Role; Sampling Studies; Schizophrenia; Series; Task Performances; Testing; Validation; Variant; Ventral Striatum; Work; base; behavioral economics; cingulate cortex; clinical decision-making; cognitive capacity; cognitive control; cognitive function; cognitive load; cognitive task; cost; discounting; experience; indexing; innovation; interest; neuroeconomics; neuromechanism; novel; novel strategies; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; stem; success; tool; trait; willingness

 DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cognitive effort is emerging as increasingly important construct in a diverse set of literature ranging from predictors of everyday outcomes (e.g. academic achievement), to psychopathology, to fundamental principles of behavioral control. Effort may be particularly important, for example, for understanding disorders of anergia and amotivation. It may explain why individuals with major depression demonstrate intact performance on low effort tasks, yet perform below average on demanding tasks. Yet, despite rapidly growing interest, very little is understood about cognitive effort. Limited understanding stems from imprecise definitions and impoverished methodological frameworks. We propose to address this gap by using a novel approach, that adapting well established behavioral and neuroeconomic methods to formalize the notion of cognitive effort, in terms of a discounting index (i.e., the degree to which cognitive effort reduces the subjective value of task engagement). This cognitive effort discounting index provides an important leverage point from which to investigate individual differences in cognitive motivation, examine their brain basis, and identify the key mechanisms by which they contribute to decision-making regarding task engagement. The current project explores these issues through an integrated series of studies that involve a powerful within-subjects experimental design, sophisticated analytic methods, and cutting-edge fMRI methodology. Success in this effort will significantly advance our understanding of the basic neural mechanisms that contribute to decisions about cognitive effort, and will have important clinical implications by providing targets for diagnosis and intervention in disorders, such as major depression, for which cognitive motivational impairments play a major role.

 描述（由适用提供）：认知努力正在成​​为越来越重要的构造，从每天的结果（例如学术成就）到精神病理学到行为控制的基本原理等文献不同。例如，努力可能特别重要，例如，了解胃病和动机的疾病。这可以解释为什么患有严重抑郁症的人在低努力任务上表现出完整的表现，而在要求任务的任务中，执行低于平均水平的人。然而，迅速增长的兴趣，对认知努力的理解很少。有限的理解步骤来自臭名昭著的定义和贫困的方法论框架。我们建议通过使用一种新颖的方法来解决这一差距，该方法适应了良好的行为和神经经济学方法，以在折现指数（即认知努力降低任务参与的主题价值的程度）方面形式化认知努力的概念）。这种认知努力打折指数提供了一个重要的杠杆点，以研究认知动机的个体差异，检查其大脑的基础和 确定他们为任务参与的决策做出贡献的关键机制。当前的项目通过一系列集成的研究探讨了这些问题，该研究涉及强大的受试者内部实验设计，复杂的分析方法和尖端的fMRI方法论。在这项工作中的成功将大大提高我们对有助于认知努力决策的基本神经机制的理解，并通过为疾病的诊断和干预措施（例如严重抑郁症）（例如，认知动机障碍）发挥重要作用来具有重要的临床意义。