Putting Priority Map Theory to the Test

检验优先级图理论

• 批准号: 8625755
• 负责人: CLAYTON E CURTIS
• 金额: $ 37.4万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-04-05 至 2018-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8625755
• 关键词: Area; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Clinical; Cognition; Cues; Data; Diagnosis; Dimensions; Discipline; Disease; Functional disorder; Goals; Hand; Heating; Human; Incentives; Individual Differences; Influentials; Knowledge; Lead; Location; Maps; Memory; Mental disorders; Methods; Mission; Modeling; Motor; Nature; Neuroanatomy; Outcome; Parietal Lobe; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Prefrontal Cortex; Probability; Process; Psyche structure; Public Health; Research; Research Personnel; Rewards; Saccades; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Signal Transduction; Specificity; System; Testing; Visual Fields; Visual system structure; Work; base; behavior measurement; combat; executive function; flexibility; frontal lobe; innovation; insight; nervous system disorder; neural patterning; neuropathology; novel; novel strategies; public health relevance; sensorimotor system; stem; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Despite the widespread appreciation that the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices (PFC/PPC) are necessary for flexible action and efficient perception, there is a fundamental gap in understanding the control mechanisms by which they accomplish these goals. This gap in knowledge is a critical problem because a host of psychiatric and neurologic disorders stem from a primary dysfunction of executive control. The long-term goal is to understand the mechanisms by which the PFC and PPC exert control over motor and sensory systems. The objective of the current proposal is to test a new model of how activity in the PFC and PPC form maps of prioritized space that tag salient and relevant locations in the visual field, which can then be used as the basis of executive control signals. The mechanisms of bias are likely to involve mechanisms used for saccade planning. The central aim of the project is to test the extent to which the patterns of neural activity in the human PFC and PPC are consistent with predictions from the priority map theory, including the functional organization of priority maps, the nature of what is prioritized, and the representation of competing priorities. The rationale for the proposed research is that a better understanding of how control is exerted will lead to a strong theoretical framework within which strategies for the understanding of mental disease will develop. The objective will be to test, refine, and possibly refute, tenets of the priority map theory which will be accomplished by pursuing three specific aims: 1) test the hypothesis that the activity in priority maps is agnostic about what led to prioritization; 2) test the hypothesis that the activity in priority maps encodes the incentives associated with multiple prioritized items; and 3) test the hypothesis that the activity in priorit maps encodes the cue probabilities associated with multiple prioritized items. Strong preliminary data demonstrate the feasibility of aims in the applicant's hands. Several candidate priority maps were identified in frontoparietal cortex using novel topographical mapping approaches. Under Aim 1, both delay period activity and multivariate patterns of brain activity in candidate priority maps were remarkably similar, if not interchangeable, across a variety of spatial cognition tasks (e.g., memory, attention, planning). Under Aim 2, behavioral measures and spatially specific activity in frontal and parietal cortex scaled with the incentive driven priorites of locations maintained in working memory. Under aim 3, working memory performance scaled with the likelihood that maintained locations would be later probed. The approach is innovative because it is highly programmatic; uses novel approaches to combat individual differences in the functional neuroanatomy of the PFC and PPC; sidesteps past inferential weaknesses with novel analyses; and uses powerful methods to rigorously test key hypotheses. The proposed research is significant because it is expected to test an important new model of executive control and will provide a detailed understanding of the mechanisms by which the human brain exerts control, such that models of dysfunction of these mechanisms can be targeted as causes of and potential treatments for neuropathology.

描述（由申请人提供）：尽管广泛赞赏前额叶和后顶叶皮层（PFC/PPC）对于灵活的行动和有效的感知是必需的，但在理解控制机制的控制机制方面存在根本的差距。知识差距是一个关键问题，因为许多精神病和神经系统疾病源于执行控制的主要功能障碍。长期目标是了解PFC和PPC对电机和感觉系统的控制的机制。当前建议的目的是测试一个新的模型，以了解PFC和PPC中的活动如何形成优先空间的地图，该空间标记了视野中的显着位置和相关位置，然后可以将其用作执行控制信号的基础。偏见的机制可能涉及用于扫视计划的机制。该项目的核心目的是测试人类PFC和PPC中神经活动模式与优先图理论的预测一致的程度，包括优先级图的功能组织，优先级的性质和表示的性质以及表示形式的性质以及表示。 竞争优先事项。拟议的研究的理由是，更好地理解如何施加控制将导致一个强大的理论框架，在该框架中，将发展理解精神疾病的策略。目的是测试，完善或可能驳斥优先地图理论的宗旨，该理论将通过追求三个具体目标来实现：1）检验以下假设：优先级图中的活动对导致优先级的原因不可知； 2）检验以下假设：优先级地图中的活动编码与多个优先项目相关的激励措施； 3）检验以下假设：优先地图中的活动编码与多个优先项目相关的提示概率。强大的初步数据证明了申请人手中的目标。使用新型的地形映射方法在额叶皮层中鉴定了几个候选优先地图。在AIM 1下，在各种空间认知任务（例如，记忆，注意力，计划，计划）中，候选优先级地图中大脑活动的延迟活动和多变量模式都非常相似，即使不是可互换的。在AIM 2下，在额叶和顶叶皮层中的行为度量和空间特定的活性，并通过维护在工作记忆中的位置的激励驱动的优先矿缩放。在AIM 3下，工作记忆性能随后将被探测到维护位置的可能性。这种方法具有创新性，因为它是高度编程的。使用新颖的方法来打击PFC和PPC功能性神经解剖学中的个体差异。通过新颖的分析避开了推论弱点。并使用强大的方法严格检验关键假设。拟议的研究很重要，因为它有望测试一个重要的执行控制模型，并将对人脑施加控制的机制有详细的理解，以便可以将这些机制功能障碍的模型作为神经病理学的原因和潜在治疗方法。