Functional Imaging of the Human FEF

人类 FEF 的功能成像

• 批准号: 7217474
• 负责人: CLAYTON E CURTIS
• 金额: $ 32.19万
• 依托单位: NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-04-05 至 2011-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7217474
• 关键词: AIDS Dementia Complex; Accounting; Alzheimer' s Disease; Animal Model; Animals; Area; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Biological Models; Brain; Brain region; Cognition; Cognitive; Coupled; Data; Diagnostic; Disease; Functional Imaging; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Homologous Gene; Human; Image; Intention; Lead; Localized; Location; Maintenance; Measures; Memory; Mental disorders; Methods; Mind; Modeling; Monkeys; Motivation; Motor; Neurons; Parkinson Disease; Pattern; Performance; Personal Satisfaction; Physiology; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Public Health; Research Personnel; Rest; Saccades; Schizophrenia; Sensory; Short-Term Memory; Substance abuse problem; System; Testing; Therapeutic procedure; Thinking; Translating; Visual attention; Work; design; frontal eye fields; improved; indexing; neuromechanism; oculomotor; prognostic; relating to nervous system; research study; theories; visual motor

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is critical for adaptive higher-order cognitive behaviors that are compromised by a wide variety of mental health disorders including schizophrenia, (ADHD), substance abuse disorders, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease, and AIDS-related dementia. A better understanding of basic neural mechanisms will lead to improved diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic procedures. Although the PFC is critical for the planning, maintenance, selection, and execution of willed behavior, we know very little about the mechanisms by which it accomplishes these goals. Barriers to our progress in this regard include 1) a poor understanding of how the crucial animal work on PFC functions translates to the human species we are trying to understand, and 2) a lack of understanding of how the PFC influences ongoing behavior through its functional interactions with other brain areas. Here we propose a divide-and-conquer strategy for better understanding the functions of the PFC. In AIM 1, we will localize a key portion of the PFC, the human homolog of the monkey frontal eye field (FEF) and treat it as a model system for detailed study of PFC functions. We strategically chose the FEF as our model because 1) unlike other PFC areas, we have methods for localizing it in humans, 2) data from monkey FEF, as compared to other PFC areas, offer testable predictions about the functional homologies between the species, and most importantly 3) the FEF is implicated in many of the same high-level cognitive behaviors that the PFC in general is implicated. We will study the mechanisms that the human FEF uses for planning, attention, memory, and selection. Working within a better-defined and constrained system like the oculomotor system may quickly lead to mechanistic accounts of these functions that may be less tenable in a more complicated and less understood system like the PFC as a whole. Although the PFC is thought to influence ongoing behavior through its functional interactions with other brain areas, there is a dearth of evidence to support this theory. In AIM 2, we will use fMRI to measure functional interactions between the PFC and other brain areas that together may form networks supporting the critical behaviors. Together, the two AIMS embrace both functional specialization at the local level and distributed processing at the network level and will allow us to test critical hypotheses about how the PFC supports intention, attention, and working memory.

描述（由申请人提供）：前额叶皮层（PFC）对于自适应的高阶认知行为至关重要，这些行为因精神分裂症，（ADHD），药物滥用障碍，，阿尔茨海默氏症和帕金森氏病以及艾滋病和艾滋病和饮食而受到多种心理健康疾病的损害。对基本神经机制的更好理解将改善诊断，预后和治疗方法。尽管PFC对于意志行为的计划，维护，选择和执行至关重要，但我们对实现这些目标的机制知之甚少。在这方面，我们进步的障碍包括1）对PFC功能上关键动物的工作如何转化为我们试图理解的人类，以及2）缺乏对PFC如何通过与其他大脑区域的功能相互作用来影响持续行为的知识。在这里，我们提出了一种分裂和纠纷策略，以更好地理解PFC的功能。在AIM 1中，我们将定位PFC的关键部分，PFC的人类同源物（FEF），并将其视为用于详细研究PFC功能的模型系统。我们从策略上选择了FEF作为模型，因为1）与其他PFC区域不同，我们有将其本地定位在人类中的方法，2）与其他PFC相比，来自猴子FEF的数据，与其他PFC区域相比，提供了有关该物种的功能同源物的可测试预测，而最重要的是3）FEF在许多相同的高级认知行为中都暗示了一般的高级认知行为，一般来说。我们将研究人类FEF用于计划，注意力，记忆和选择的机制。在像眼动系统这样的更好定义和约束的系统中工作，可能会迅速导致这些功能的机理说明，这些功能在更复杂且不太理解的系统（如PFC）中可能不那么持续。尽管人们认为PFC通过与其他大脑领域的功能相互作用来影响持续的行为，但缺乏支持该理论的证据。在AIM 2中，我们将使用fMRI来衡量PFC与其他大脑区域之间可能形成支持关键行为的网络的功能相互作用。这两个目的共同包含在本地层面上的功能专业化和网络级别的分布式处理，并将使我们能够测试有关PFC如何支持意图，注意力和工作记忆的关键假设。