Neurodevelopment in Urban Environments: Role of Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution

城市环境中的神经发育：暴露于环境空气污染的作用

基本信息

批准号：
8583274
负责人：
Laura A Baker
金额：
$ 26.66万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-08-02 至 2015-07-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8583274
关键词：
Address Adolescence Adolescent Adult Adverse effects Affect Air Air Pollutants Air Pollution American Animals Attention Behavioral Sciences Birth Brain California Chemicals Child Child health care Cities Cognitive Communities Data Data Sources Development Developmental Delay Disorders Developmental Process Education Elderly Emotional Employment Opportunities Environment Environmental Health Epidemiologic Studies Epidemiologist Epidemiology Experimental Animal Model Exposure to Future Geographic Locations Goals Hippocampus (Brain)Home environment Human Hyperactive behavior Impaired cognition Joints Knowledge Life Link Literature Longitudinal Studies Mediating Mediator of activation protein Memory impairment Mental Health Modeling Neurocognitive Neuropsychology Neurosciences Neurotoxins Outcome Ozone Particulate Matter Pathway interactions Performance Population Pregnancy Research Research Infrastructure Research Personnel Resources Risk Risk Factors Role School-Age Population Schools Scientist Shapes Social Environment Socioeconomic Status Source Stress Testing Theoretical model Time Toxin Twin Multiple Birth Universities Urbanization Work aged biological adaptation to stress cohort cost early life exposure emerging adult emotion regulation environmental stressor executive function experience insight metropolitan neurobehavioral neurodevelopment neuropsychological neurotoxic neurotoxicity prefrontal lobe prenatal public health relevance social socioeconomics spatiotemporal statistics stressor trafficking young adult

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The growing population of children in American cities is exposed to various neurotoxins present in urban environments which may damage their developing brains. Over the last decade, environmental health scientists have generated compelling data on neurotoxicity in animals and humans exposed to present-day air pollutants from road traffic emissions (or traffic air pollution [TAP]), including particulate matter and ozon in urban environments. Experimental animal models have demonstrated that early life exposures to these urban air pollutants result in memory impairment and long-term neurobehavioral changes. Consistent with neurotoxicological literature, previous data from both cross-sectional and longitudinal epidemiologic studies showed a wide range of adverse neurocognitive effects (including low IQ) associated with TAP exposure in school-aged or younger children. However, it remains unclear whether TAP-mediated adverse neurocognitive effects persist into later life possibly affecting academic performance and educational attainment in adolescents and young adults. Although toxicologists have revealed clear evidence of air pollution-induced neurotoxicity in the prefrontal lobe and hippocampus, epidemiologic studies have not yet examined higher cortical control functions (e.g., executive functions [EFs]; emotion regulation) as neuropsychological mediators of the adverse exposure-effects on neurodevelopment. Previous studies only provided very little insight on the likelihood of joint adversities resulting from exposures to both neurotoxic TAP and social stressors commonly experienced by urban-dwelling children. To address these knowledge gaps, the primary objectives of this application are to: (1) generate preliminary data and infrastructure needed for a planned long-term study on neurodevelopment in urban environments; and (2) develop a conceptual framework to elucidate neuropsychological pathways contributing to impaired cognition and long-term socioeconomic consequences of exposures to urban air pollutants. Specifically, we propose a longitudinal study built on an ongoing (2000- onwards) and well-characterized urban-dwelling Southern California Twin Cohort (R01MH058354) with comprehensive data on neuropsychological functions and outcomes assessed from school-age (aged 9-10) to young adults (aged 19-23). This application leverages the unique, prospectively-collected environmental data and resources of the ongoing Children's Health Study, enabling the estimation of early life (1990-onward) exposure to air pollution and detailed characterization of intra-urban TAP exposure during adolescents. Drawing from two theoretical models (cognitive vulnerability-stress response and emotional dysregulation) in mental health research, we will test the hypothesis that EFs/emotion regulation and their developmental trajectories serve as both the central target and neuropsychological mediators of subsequent adverse effects of TAP exposure on cognitive abilities and socioeconomic attainment. The successful performance of this project may greatly advance the emerging field of developmental neurosciences in urban environments.

描述（由申请人提供）：美国城市中不断增长的儿童人口暴露于城市环境中可能损害其发展中大脑的各种神经毒素。在过去的十年中，环境卫生科学家已经获得了有关动物和人类神经毒性的引人注目的数据，这些动物和人类因道路交通排放（或交通空气污染[TAP]）而暴露于当今空气污染物中，包括颗粒物和城市环境中的Ozon。实验动物模型表明，这些城市空气污染物的早期生活暴露会导致记忆力障碍和长期神经行为变化。与神经毒理学一致，横截面和纵向流行病学研究的先前数据表明，与学龄儿童或年龄较小的孩子的TAP暴露相关的多种不良神经认知效应（包括低智商）。然而，尚不清楚TAP介导的不良神经认知效应是否持续到后来的生活可能会影响青少年和年轻人的学习成绩和教育程度。尽管毒理学家揭示了空气污染引起的神经毒性在前额叶和海马中引起的神经毒性的证据，但流行病学研究尚未研究较高的皮质控制功能（例如，执行功能[EFS]；情绪调节）作为神经心理学的衰减效果的神经性心理中介体，诺动物效果效果。先前的研究仅提供了对由于对城市居民通常经历的神经毒性水龙头和社会压力源的暴露而产生的联合逆境的可能性。为了解决这些知识差距，本应用程序的主要目标是：（1）生成计划对城市环境中神经发育的长期研究所需的初步数据和基础设施；（2）开发一个概念框架，以阐明神经心理学途径有助于导致对城市空气污染物暴露的认知和长期社会经济后果的损害。具体而言，我们提出了一项纵向研究，基于正在进行的（2000年至2000年）和良好的城市居住的南加州双胞胎队列（R01MH058354），并具有有关神经心理学功能的全面数据，以及对从上学年龄（年龄9-10岁）对年轻人（年龄在年轻人（年龄）中评估的成果（年龄在19-23-23年）。该应用程序利用了正在进行的儿童健康研究的独特，前瞻性收集的环境数据和资源，从而估算了早期生活（1990年后）暴露于空气污染和青少年期间城市内部接触的详细表征。在心理健康研究中，我们将从两个理论模型（认知脆弱性压力反应和情绪失调）中汲取灵感，我们将测试以下假设：EFS/情绪调节及其发育轨迹是对认知能力和社会经济学实现的随后不良影响的核心目标和神经心理学介导者。该项目的成功表现可能会大大推动城市环境中发展神经科学的新兴领域。