Neurobiological Mechanisms of Impulse Control Problems

冲动控制问题的神经生物学机制

• 批准号: 8119096
• 负责人: Edward M. Bernat
• 金额: $ 14.84万
• 依托单位: FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-01 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8119096
• 关键词: Address; Aggressive behavior; Anterior; Area; Attenuated; Award; Behavior; Brain; Brain region; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Communities; Complex; Computing Methodologies; Cues; Data; Data Analyses; Data Set; Dependence; Development; Disease; EP300 gene; Electroencephalography; Event; Event-Related Potentials; Feedback; Frequencies; Goals; Growth; Imprisonment; Impulsivity; Individual; Joints; Label; Learning; Link; Literature; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maintenance; Measurement; Measures; Medial; Mediating; Mentorship; Methods; Modeling; Neurobiology; P300 Event-Related Potentials; Participant; Personality Traits; Phase; Positioning Attribute; Prisoner; Process; Protocols documentation; Psychopathology; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Rewards; Role; Sampling; Series; Signal Transduction; Source; Specificity; Substance Addiction; Syndrome; System; Techniques; Theoretical model; Time; Training; Training Activity; Work; anti social; base; cingulate cortex; cognitive control; imaging modality; neurobiological mechanism; neuromechanism; programs; relating to nervous system; response; skills; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The broad aim of the proposed program of work is to investigate neurobiological and cognitive mechanisms underlying impulse control (externalizing) problems. The proposed work builds on the applicant's involvement in the development of a hierarchical model of externalizing. The core idea of this model is that a general vulnerability factor, labeled externalizing, underlies and unites psychopathological syndromes involving antisocial behavior and substance dependence, as well as personality traits reflecting impulsivity and aggression. These problems are conceptualized in terms of deficits involving anterior brain regions, although researchers are only really beginning to understand how these regions work. The most established correlate of externalizing problems is reduced amplitude of the P300 event-related potential (ERP) brain component. However, neural mechanisms underlying P300 are distributed and not well understood. Thus, studies of P300 amplitude reductions have not produced good models about the neural mechanisms involved. Researchers have recently begun investigating amplitude reductions in the error-related negativity (ERN) ERP brain component related to externalizing-related disorders. The ERN is understood to involve a relatively strong activation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), providing a clearer target for study. Current models of the ERN suggest that it is best understood as an ACC activation which is influenced by other brain regions depending on the circumstances, particularly the PFC. The goal of the proposed work is to investigate the roles of the PFC and ACC during the ERN under different task circumstances, and then to investigate how these relationships are modulated in individuals with externalizing problems. The primary training components involve developing skills in direct approaches to the measurement of specific brain regions to address the question of the relationship between the PFC and ACC in externalizing psychopathology. Recent years have seen incredible growth in methods for localizing neural sources, and currently available techniques offer strong possibilities for inferring ACC and PFC sources using ERP, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and combined (multimodal) ERP and MRI approaches. The proposed training activities would provide training in all three approaches, with mentorship by a leading expert in this field. The candidate also brings strong expertise in joint time-frequency (TF) analysis, an emerging computational method for electrophysiological signals. An important secondary goal is to integrate TF approaches with these neural source localization methods, to create cutting-edge methods neural source methods. The long term goal is for the candidate to become an independent investigator focused on externalizing psychopathology, employing cutting-edge methods for inferring neural sources as described.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议工作计划的广泛目的是研究脉冲控制（外部化）问题的神经生物学和认知机制。拟议的工作建立在申请人参与外部化层次结构模型的开发上。该模型的核心思想是，一个普遍的脆弱性因素被标记为外部化，基础和团结，涉及反社会行为和物质依赖性以及反映冲动性和侵略性的人格特征。尽管研究人员才真正开始了解这些地区的工作原理，但这些问题是从涉及前脑部区域的缺陷来概念化的。外部化问题最确定的相关性是p300事件相关电位（ERP）大脑成分的幅度降低。但是，P300的基础神经机制是分布的，尚未很好地理解。因此，p300振幅降低的研究并未产生有关涉及的神经机制的良好模型。研究人员最近开始研究与误差相关的负性（ERN）ERP脑部成分与与外部化相关疾病有关的振幅。认为ERN涉及前扣带回皮层（ACC）的相对强大的激活，从而提供了更清晰的研究靶标。 ERN的当前模型表明，最好将其理解为ACC激活，该ACC激活受其他大脑区域的影响，具体取决于情况，尤其是PFC。拟议工作的目的是研究在不同任务环境中ERN期间PFC和ACC的作用，然后研究如何在具有外在问题的个体中调节这些关系。主要的培训组成部分涉及在直接方法中开发技能，以测量特定的大脑区域，以解决PFC和ACC之间在外部化精神病理学方面的关系问题。近年来，在定位神经来源的方法中，人们已经看到了令人难以置信的增长，目前可用的技术为使用ERP，磁共振成像（MRI）（MRI）以及联合（多模式）ERP和MRI方法推断ACC和PFC源提供了强大的可能性。拟议的培训活动将在所有三种方法中提供培训，并由该领域的主要专家进行指导。该候选人还带来了联合时频（TF）分析方面的强大专业知识，这是一种用于电生理信号的新兴计算方法。一个重要的次要目标是将TF方法与这些神经源定位方法整合在一起，以创建最先进的方法神经源方法。长期目标是让候选人成为专注于外在心理病理学的独立研究者，采用尖端方法来推断神经来源。