Neurobiological Mechanisms of Impulse Control Problems

冲动控制问题的神经生物学机制

• 批准号: 7531236
• 负责人: Edward M. Bernat
• 金额: $ 13.76万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-01 至 2009-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7531236
• 关键词: Address; Aggressive behavior; Anterior; Area; Attenuated; Award; Behavior; Brain; Brain region; Cognitive; Cognitive deficits; Communities; Complex; Computing Methodologies; Condition; Cues; Data; Data Analyses; Data Set; Dependence; Development; Disease; EP300 gene; Electroencephalography; Event; Event-Related Potentials; Feedback; Frequencies; Goals; Growth; Hand; Impulsivity; Individual; Joints; Label; Learning; Link; Literature; Localized; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maintenance; Measurement; Measures; Medial; Mediating; Mentorship; Methods; Modeling; Neurobiology; Participant; Personality Traits; Phase; Positioning Attribute; Prisoner; Process; Protocols documentation; Psychopathology; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Rewards; Role; Sampling; Series; Signal Transduction; Source; Specificity; Standards of Weights and Measures; Substance Addiction; Syndrome; System; Techniques; Theoretical model; Time; Training; Training Activity; Work; anti social; base; cingulate cortex; cognitive control; neurobiological mechanism; neuromechanism; programs; relating to nervous system; response; skills; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The broad aim of the proposed program of work is to investigate neurobiological and cognitive mechanisms underlying impulse control (externalizing) problems. The proposed work builds on the applicant's involvement in the development of a hierarchical model of externalizing. The core idea of this model is that a general vulnerability factor, labeled externalizing, underlies and unites psychopathological syndromes involving antisocial behavior and substance dependence, as well as personality traits reflecting impulsivity and aggression. These problems are conceptualized in terms of deficits involving anterior brain regions, although researchers are only really beginning to understand how these regions work. The most established correlate of externalizing problems is reduced amplitude of the P300 event-related potential (ERP) brain component. However, neural mechanisms underlying P300 are distributed and not well understood. Thus, studies of P300 amplitude reductions have not produced good models about the neural mechanisms involved. Researchers have recently begun investigating amplitude reductions in the error-related negativity (ERN) ERP brain component related to externalizing-related disorders. The ERN is understood to involve a relatively strong activation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), providing a clearer target for study. Current models of the ERN suggest that it is best understood as an ACC activation which is influenced by other brain regions depending on the circumstances, particularly the PFC. The goal of the proposed work is to investigate the roles of the PFC and ACC during the ERN under different task circumstances, and then to investigate how these relationships are modulated in individuals with externalizing problems. The primary training components involve developing skills in direct approaches to the measurement of specific brain regions to address the question of the relationship between the PFC and ACC in externalizing psychopathology. Recent years have seen incredible growth in methods for localizing neural sources, and currently available techniques offer strong possibilities for inferring ACC and PFC sources using ERP, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and combined (multimodal) ERP and MRI approaches. The proposed training activities would provide training in all three approaches, with mentorship by a leading expert in this field. The candidate also brings strong expertise in joint time-frequency (TF) analysis, an emerging computational method for electrophysiological signals. An important secondary goal is to integrate TF approaches with these neural source localization methods, to create cutting-edge methods neural source methods. The long term goal is for the candidate to become an independent investigator focused on externalizing psychopathology, employing cutting-edge methods for inferring neural sources as described.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议工作计划的总体目标是研究冲动控制（外化）问题背后的神经生物学和认知机制。拟议的工作建立在申请人参与开发外部化分层模型的基础上。该模型的核心思想是，一种被称为外在化的普遍脆弱性因素，是涉及反社会行为和物质依赖以及反映冲动和攻击性的人格特征的精神病理学综合症的基础和统一。这些问题是根据涉及前脑区域的缺陷来概念化的，尽管研究人员才真正开始了解这些区域是如何工作的。外化问题最明确的关联是 P300 事件相关电位 (ERP) 大脑成分的振幅降低。然而，P300 背后的神经机制是分布式的，目前尚不清楚。因此，P300 振幅降低的研究尚未产生有关所涉及神经机制的良好模型。研究人员最近开始研究与外化相关疾病相关的错误相关负性 (ERN) ERP 大脑成分的振幅降低。据了解，ERN 涉及前扣带皮层 (ACC) 的相对较强的激活，为研究提供了更清晰的目标。目前的 ERN 模型表明，最好将其理解为 ACC 激活，根据具体情况，它会受到其他大脑区域的影响，尤其是 PFC。拟议工作的目标是研究 PFC 和 ACC 在不同任务环境下的 ERN 过程中的作用，然后研究这些关系如何在具有外在问题的个体中进行调节。主要培训内容包括培养直接测量特定大脑区域的技能，以解决 PFC 和 ACC 之间在外化精神病理学方面的关系问题。近年来，定位神经源的方法取得了令人难以置信的增长，目前可用的技术为使用 ERP、磁共振成像 (MRI) 以及组合（多模态）ERP 和 MRI 方法推断 ACC 和 PFC 源提供了强大的可能性。拟议的培训活动将提供所有三种方法的培训，并由该领域的领先专家提供指导。该候选人还带来了联合时频（TF）分析方面的深厚专业知识，这是一种新兴的电生理信号计算方法。一个重要的次要目标是将 TF 方法与这些神经源定位方法相结合，以创建尖端的神经源方法。长期目标是让候选人成为一名独立的调查员，专注于外化精神病理学，采用尖端方法来推断所描述的神经源。